Data transmission and receiving method and apparatus, and base station and terminal

ABSTRACT

Provided are a data transmission method and apparatus, a data receiving method and apparatus, a base station and a terminal. The method includes: acquiring predefined information; determining, according to the predefined information, whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism before transmission; and when LBT indication information is carried in the predefined information, performing the LBT mechanism before a transmission device performs transmission according to a predetermined transmission mode, or when the LBT indication information is not carried in the predefined information, performing a predetermined non-LBT processing operation before the transmission device performs the transmission according to the predetermined transmission mode. By means of the above steps, the signals in the beamforming system are separately processed by performing the LBT mechanism or performing the predetermined non-LBT processing operation, which effectively solves the low signal transmission efficiency problem of the beamforming system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a U.S. National Stage Application, under 35 U.S.C. 371, ofInternational Patent Application No. PCT/CN2017/104076, filed on Sep.28, 2017, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No.201610875407.8 filed on Sep. 30, 2016, the contents of both of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates to the field of communications, forexample, relates to a data transmission method and apparatus, a datareceiving method and apparatus, a base station and a terminal.

BACKGROUND

The rapid development of mobile Internet and the Internet of Things hasprovoked the explosive growth of data traffic and the extensive rise ofdiversified and differentiated services. Compared with the 4th (4G)generation mobile communication technology, the 5th generation (5G)mobile communication technology, as a new generation mobilecommunication technology, will support a higher rate, massive link (suchas one million links per square kilometer), ultra-low latency (such as 1ms), higher reliability, and hundredfold energy efficiency improvementto support the new requirement changes. The 5G study item (SI) aims todetermine and meet design requirements of key technologies of a newradio (NR) system within any spectrum bandwidth range (at least 100GHz), and support the NR to operate on licensed spectrum, unlicensedspectrum (such as the 5 GHz frequency band and the 60 GHz frequencyband) and shared spectrum (such as the potential 37 GHz frequency bandand the 3.5 GHz frequency band in the United States). Unlicensedspectrum may be used for transmitting the data traffic in the licensedspectrum. Based on this, unlicensed spectrum will become an importantresearch topic in the future 5G standardization process.

In the Rel-13 and Rel-14 licensed assisted access (LAA),listen-before-talk (LBT) is recognized as the basis of the coexistencemechanism. At the same time, from the perspective of coexistence of LAAand Wi-Fi, energy detection (ED)-based LBT is proved to be an effectivechannel access mechanism. For a high-frequency (i.e., millimeter wavefrequency band) scenario in NR, the downlink/uplink adopts a directionaltransmission manner such that the signal energy is concentrated in acertain beam range, which can compensate for a large path loss. However,the ED-based LBT mechanism designed for LAA channel access in the Rel-13and Rel-14 does not take into account cases of the directionaltransmission of the uplink and downlink. For example, in a case 1: anLBT result of a device when the receiver and the transmitter do not usebeamforming is not taken into account. A BS1 performs transmission to aUE1, and a BS2 performs transmission to a UE2. The BS1 and the BS2 arewithin the energy detection range of each other. It is assumed BS1performs a clear channel assessment (CCA) before transmitting data toUE1, and the BS1 transmits data to UE1 upon detecting that a channel isidle. The BS2 senses the transmission of the BS1 when the BS2 performsCCA detection, so the BS2 considers that the channel is busy and doesnot transmit information to the UE2. For the case 1, since the signal issent in the omnidirectional manner, a node located around thetransmitter may sense the energy of signal transmission by surroundingnodes, and then determines that the channel is unavailable, and performsno transmission. This ED-based LBT manner is applicable to low-frequencyscenarios. However, for high-frequency scenarios and to compensate forchannel fading and path loss, the directional transmission manner needsto be used, and the LBT mechanism in the related art is no longerapplicable to high-frequency scenarios. In a case 2, if the transmitterperforms transmission in a manner of beamforming, when the BS2 performschannel contention access according to the relevant ED-LBT mechanism,the energy of the BS1 is not detected, and the BS2 transmits informationto the UE2. At this time, if both the UE1 and the UE2 are within thecoverage ranges of the BS1 and the BS2, neither UE1 nor UE2 cancorrectly receive their respective information since inter-RATinterference depends on whether the transmitter and/or the receiversupports beamforming.

Therefore, a low signal transmission efficiency problem of thebeamforming system exists in the related art.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission methodand apparatus, a data receiving method and apparatus, a base station anda terminal to at least solve the inefficient signal transmission problemin the beamforming system in the related art.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a datatransmission method is provided. The method includes: acquiringpredefined information; determining, according to the predefinedinformation, whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanismbefore transmission; and when LBT indication information is carried inthe predefined information, performing the LBT mechanism before atransmission device performs transmission according to a predeterminedtransmission mode; or when the LBT indication information is not carriedin the predefined information, performing a predetermined non-LBTprocessing operation before the transmission device performs thetransmission according to the predetermined transmission mode.

Alternatively, the predetermined transmission mode includes: anomnidirectional mode or a directional mode.

Alternatively, the directional mode includes at least one of: adirectional transmit beam; and a directional receive beam.

Alternatively, for one transmission device, a relationship between thedirectional transmit beam and the directional receive beam includes: thedirectional transmit beam being the same as the directional receivebeam; or the directional transmit beam being different from thedirectional receive beam; or the directional transmit beam partiallyoverlapping the directional receive beam.

Alternatively, the relationship between the directional transmit beamand the directional receive beam is determined in at least one of thefollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a base stationand a user equipment (UE); indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, in a case where the transmission device performstransmission according to the directional mode, performing the LBTmechanism before performing the transmission according to thedirectional mode includes: determining signal energy received by thetransmission device in a directional beam; comparing the signal energyreceived in the directional beam with a predetermined threshold value;and determining, based on the comparison result, a busy/idle state of achannel in the directional beam.

Alternatively, determining the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the directional beam includes: the signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a beam range being equal to anorm of a value, where the value is a product of a beamforming weight ofthe transmission device and a sum of signals received in the beam rangeby the transmission device from surrounding devices. Alternatively, thesignal energy received by the transmission device in the beam rangebeing equal to a norm of a value, where the value is an accumulated sumof the signals received by the transmission device in the beam rangefrom all of the surrounding devices. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived by the transmission device in the beam range being equal to∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥ or ∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . .V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥ where V denotes the beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . ,H_(n) each denote a channel matrix between the transmission device andone of the surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote atransmit signal vector of one of the surrounding devices of thetransmission device, * denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a normoperator, n is the number of the surrounding devices of the transmissiondevice, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by an i-th surrounding deviceand received by the transmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes asignal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device in the beam range. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived by the transmission device in the beam range being equal to anaccumulated sum of signal energy received from all of the surroundingdevices by the transmission device in the beam range; or the signalenergy received by the transmission device in the beam range being equalto ∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥.

V denotes the beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote achannel matrix between the transmission device and one of thesurrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signalvector of one of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, *denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the numberof the surrounding devices of the transmission device, H_(i)*X_(i)denotes the signal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received bythe transmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent bythe i-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device inthe beam range.

Alternatively, determining the busy/idle state of the channel in thedirectional beam includes: in a case of the signal energy received inthe directional beam being not greater than the predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that the channel in the directional beam is idle; orin a case of the signal energy received in the directional beam beinggreater than the predetermined threshold value, determining that thechannel in the directional beam is busy.

Alternatively, a case where the transmission device performstransmission by using a plurality of directional beams includes:determining, according to signal energy received in each of theplurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of channels on theplurality of directional beams or busy/idle states of channels in a beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, determining, according to the signal energy received inthe each of the plurality of directional beams, the busy/idle state ofthe channel on each of the plurality of directional beams or thebusy/idle states of the channels in the beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams includes: if the LBT is successfullyperformed on at least one of the plurality of directional beams,determining that the plurality of directional beams are available orthat the channels are idle, and performing transmission only on thedirectional beam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if theLBT is successfully performed on all of the plurality of directionalbeams, determining that the plurality of directional beams are availableor that the channels are idle; or if the LBT fails to be performed on atleast one of the plurality of directional beams, determining that theplurality of directional beams are not available or that the channelsare busy; or if a number of directional beams, among the plurality ofdirectional beams, on which the LBT is successfully performed reaches apredetermined threshold value, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle, andperforming transmission only on the directional beam on which the LBT issuccessfully performed; or if a number of directional beams, among theplurality of directional beams, on which the LBT fails to be performedreaches a predetermined threshold value, determining that the pluralityof directional beams are not available or that the channels are busy.

Alternatively, a case where the transmission device performstransmission by using a plurality of directional beams includes:determining, according to a sum of signal energy received in each of theplurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of channels on theplurality of directional beams or busy/idle states of channels in a beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, in a case where the plurality of directional beams belongto a same antenna element or antenna port, a method for calculating thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams includes: signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to an accumulatedsum of signal energy received by the transmission device in a firstbeam, signal energy received by the transmission device in a secondbeam, . . . and signal energy received by the transmission device in anm-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥, whereV¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . .. , H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the transmission deviceand the surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote thetransmit signal vector of the surrounding device of the transmissiondevice, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m isthe number of directional beams transmitted by the transmission device,H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by a j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in an i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices andreceived in the i-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal toa norm of a value, wherein the value is the accumulated sum of thesignal energy received by the transmission device in the first beam, thesignal energy received by the transmission device in the second beam, .. . and the signal energy received by the transmission device in them-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V²,. . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . . . ,H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the transmission device andthe surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmitsignal vector of the surrounding device of the transmission device, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is thenumber of directional beams transmitted by the transmission device,H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in an i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices andreceived in the i-th beam.

Alternatively, in a case where the plurality of directional beams belongto different antenna elements or antenna ports, a method for calculatingsignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams includes: signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to an accumulatedsum of signal energy received by the transmission device in a firstbeam, signal energy received by the transmission device in a secondbeam, . . . and signal energy received by the transmission device in anm-th beam.

Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . .. +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . .∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . ., V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . ,H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between the transmissiondevice and one of the n surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁, X₂, .. . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of the surroundingdevice of the transmission device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by a j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))denotes signals sent by n surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))∥ denotes signal energies received bythe transmission device in the i-th beam range from n surroundingdevices, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator,n is the number of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m isthe number of beams. Alternatively, the signal energy received in thebeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to anorm of the accumulated sum of the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the first beam, the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the second beam, . . . and the signal energyreceived by the transmission device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X²+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m)denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n)^(i) each denote the channel matrix on the i-th beam between thetransmission device and one of the n surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . ., X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of the surrounding deviceof the transmission device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent bythe j-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device,V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surroundingdevice and received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range,V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signalssent by n surrounding devices and received by the transmission device inthe i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, n is the number of surrounding devices of thetransmission device, m is the number of beams. The signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to an accumulated sum of signal energies sent by n1 surroundingdevices and received by the transmission device in the first beam,signal energies sent by n2 surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the second beam, . . . and signal energies sentby nn surrounding devices and received by the transmission device in them-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . .+H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . .. +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamformingweights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denotethe channel matrix between the transmission device and one of the njsurrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj)^(i) denotes the transmit signal vectors of the nj surrounding devicesof the transmission device on the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)denotes a signal sent by a nj-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote a signal sentby the nj-th surrounding device and received by the transmission devicein the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . .+H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surroundingdevices and received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range,∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i))∥ denotes signal energy sent by the nj surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nj is the number ofsurrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofbeams. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to a norm of anaccumulated sum of signals sent by the n1 surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the first beam, signals sent bythe n2 surrounding devices and received by the transmission device inthe second beam, . . . and signals sent by the nn surrounding devicesand received by the transmission device in the m-th beam. Alternatively,the signal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1)¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn)^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrixbetween the transmission device and one of the nj surrounding devices onthe i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmitsignal vectors of the nj surrounding devices of the transmission deviceon the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by anj-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device,V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by the nj-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj)^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nj is the number ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofbeams. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to a norm of anaccumulated sum of signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the first beam, signals sent bythe n surrounding devices and received by the transmission device in thesecond beam, . . . and signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n)¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thetransmission device and one of the surrounding devices on the i-th beam,X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(n) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectorsof the surrounding devices of the transmission device on the i-thbeam, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m isthe number of beams, i is a positive integer within [1, m], H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device on the i-th beam, and V^(i)*H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) is the signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range.

Alternatively, the beamforming weight includes: a transmit beamformingweight of the transmission device; or a receive beamforming weight ofthe transmission device.

Alternatively, the transmit beamforming weight and/or the receivebeamforming weight are determined in one of following manners: in amanner of predefinition; in a manner of configuration by a base station;in a manner of configuration by a user equipment (UE); in a manner ofpre-agreement between the base station and the UE; in a manner ofindication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; or in a manner of performing singular value decomposition(SVD) on a channel matrix H between a transmitting device and areceiving device.

Alternatively, a case where the transmission device performstransmission by using a plurality of directional beams includes:determining channel conditions of the plurality of directional beamsaccording to signal energy received in a beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, calculation of the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams includes: the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to a norm of a value, where the value is aproduct of a sum of signals received from surrounding devices of thetransmission device and a beamforming weight formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Alternatively, the method includes: when signal energy received in abeam coverage range formed by the plurality of directional beams is notgreater than a predetermined threshold value, determining that channelsin a beam formed by the plurality of directional beams are idle or thatchannels in the plurality of directional beams are idle; or when thesignal energy received in the beam coverage range formed by theplurality of directional beams is greater than the predeterminedthreshold value, determining that the channels in the beam formed by theplurality of directional beams are busy or that the channels in theplurality of directional beams are busy.

Alternatively, a case where the channels in the beams are detected to bebusy includes: performing, by the transmission device, an LBT detectionon a finer directional beam in the directional beam on which the LBTfails to be performed; or performing, by the transmission device, theLBT detection on directional beams other than the directional beams onwhich the LBT fails to be performed.

Alternatively, a case where the transmission device performs the LBTmechanism on a plurality of directional beams includes: performing Cat2LBT simultaneously on the plurality of directional beams; or performingCat4 LBT on a main directional beam of the plurality of directionalbeams, and when the LBT process is about to be completed, startingperforming the Cat2 LBT on other directional beams; or performing theCat4 LBT on the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the main directional beam of the plurality of directionalbeams is determined in one of following manners: determination by a basestation, determination by a user equipment (UE), determination by thebase station and the UE, predefinition, indication through physicallayer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, or indicationthrough higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, when performing the Cat4 LBT on the plurality ofdirectional beams, the method includes: respectively generating a randombackoff value N on each of the plurality of directional beams; or usingthe same random backoff value N for the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the method includes: performing a Cat2 LBT mechanism on adirectional beam or using Cat2 LBT having a shorter detection durationin a transmission period, a channel occupancy time, or abeam group; orperforming the Cat2 LBT mechanism, a Cat4 LBT mechanism, Cat4 LBTcorresponding to a predetermined priority level, or Cat3 LBT on adirectional beam outside the transmission period, the channel occupancytime, or the beam group; or performing the Cat4 LBT mechanism, the Cat4LBT corresponding to the predetermined priority level, or the Cat3 LBTon a directional beam in the transmission period, or the channeloccupancy time, or an initial beam group.

Alternatively, the predetermined priority level or an LBT mechanism usedfor the directional beam is determined in one of following manners:pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);predefinition; indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling by the base station; or indication throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the method includes: performing a same LBT mechanism ordifferent LBT mechanisms on directional beams in different beam groupsor different channel occupancy times or different transmission periods.

Alternatively, the predefined information includes at least one of: atransmission mode, indication signaling, an information type, framestructure information, a beam identifier (ID), a beamforming weight, abeam type, a beam pattern, a threshold value, an LBT mechanismindication, a time domain resource, a corresponding relationship betweenthe time domain resource and a beam, a frequency domain resource, afrequency domain hopping manner, a channel reciprocity indication, data,a beam switching indication, or a transmission mode switchingindication.

Alternatively, the indication signaling includes at least one of:physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, orhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the information type includes at least one of: controlinformation, data, a reference signal, or a traffic type.

Alternatively, the beam type includes: a single-beam type and amulti-beam type.

Alternatively, the predefined information is determined in at least oneof following manners: predefinition, pre-agreement between a basestation and a user equipment (UE), indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling, or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, performing the predetermined non-LBT processing operationincludes one of the following: performing directional beamrandomization; processing using directional beam pattern; performingfrequency domain frequency hopping; or processing using semi-staticallyconfigured directional beam.

Alternatively, performing the directional beam randomization, processingusing the directional beam pattern, or performing spectrum frequencyhopping includes: determining a transmission beam, a transmission beampattern, or a frequency domain hopping position according to a fixedrule; or determining the transmission beam, the transmission beampattern, or the frequency domain hopping position in a random manner.

Alternatively, determining the transmission beam, the transmission beampattern, or the frequency domain hopping position according to the fixedrule includes: determining the transmission beam according to beamindexes a decreasing order of beam index; or determining thetransmission beam pattern according to a decreasing order of beampattern index; or determining the frequency domain hopping positionaccording to a decreasing order of frequency domain position index; ordetermining the transmission beam according to an increasing order ofbeam index; or determining the transmission beam pattern according to anincreasing order of beam pattern index; or determining the frequencydomain hopping position according to an increasing order of frequencydomain position; or determining the transmission beam according to atleast one of beams with even indexes/beams with odd indexes; ordetermining the transmission beam pattern according to at least one ofbeam patterns with even indexes/beam patterns with odd indexes; ordetermining the frequency domain hopping position according to at leastone of frequency domain positions with even indexes/frequency domainpositions with odd indexes; or determining the transmission beamaccording to beams with even indexes and an increasing order or adecreasing order or according to beams with odd indexes and in theincreasing order or the decreasing order; or determining thetransmission beam pattern according to beam patterns with even indexesand an increasing order or a decreasing order or according to beampatterns with odd indexes and in the increasing order or the decreasingorder; or determining the frequency domain hopping position according tofrequency domain positions with even indexes and an increasing order ora decreasing order or according to frequency domain positions with oddindexes and in the increasing order or the decreasing order; ordetermining, from a plurality of beams, a beam as the transmission beam,where the index of the beam in the plurality of beams modulo an offsetis equal to M; or determining, from a plurality of beam patterns, a beampattern as the transmission beam pattern, where the index of the beampattern in the plurality of beam patterns modulo an offset is equal toM; or determining a spectrum resource whose frequency domain indexmodulo an offset being equal to M as the frequency domain hoppingposition; or indicating, through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern, afrequency domain index in a frequency domain resource, the offset in thebeam, an offset in a beam pattern set, or an offset in the frequencydomain resource used by the transmission device; or indicating, throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the beam index, thebeam pattern, the frequency domain index in the frequency domainresource, the offset in the beam, the offset in the beam pattern set, orthe offset in the frequency domain resource used by the transmissiondevice.

Alternatively, indicating, through the physical layer DCI signaling orthe higher-layer RRC signaling, the transmission beam, the beam patternor the frequency domain hopping position includes: determining thetransmission beam, the beam pattern or the frequency domain hoppingposition through a value corresponding to the number of bits of bitinformation; determining the transmission beam, the beam pattern or thefrequency domain hopping position through a bitmap; or determining thetransmission beam, the beam pattern or the frequency domain hoppingposition through a beam indication field or a frequency hoppingindication field.

Alternatively, the fixed rule, the offset or M is determined in one offollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a base stationand a user equipment (UE); indication through the physical layer DCIsignaling; or configuration through the higher-layer RRC signaling.

Alternatively, determining the transmission beam, the transmission beampattern, or the frequency domain staring position of frequency hoppingin the random manner comprises: generating a positive integer within [1,p] or [0, p−1] in a manner of a random sequence or in a manner of arandom function; wherein p is a number of beams or a number of frequencydomain resources.

Alternatively, the random function includes: a uniform distributionfunction; a binomial distribution function; or a normal distributionfunction.

Alternatively, the fixed rule and/or the random manner are determined inone of following manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a basestation and a user equipment (UE); indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling; or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, processing using the semi-statically configureddirectional beam comprises: in a predetermined period, measuring aconfigured directional beam or a beam in a directional beam set, anddetermining, based on measurement information, whether to perform adirectional beam switching operation.

Alternatively, a criterion for determining directional beam switchingincludes: performing the directional beam switching operation when aload, an interference value, or an information transmission errorprobability on a current transmission beam in the predetermined periodis measured to be greater than a predetermined threshold value; or notperforming the directional beam switching operation when the load, theinterference value, or the information transmission error probability onthe current transmission beam in the predetermined period is measured tobe not greater than the predetermined threshold value.

Alternatively, Cat2 LBT, or Cat2 LBT having a shorter detectionduration, or Cat4 LBT corresponding to a predetermined priority level,is performed on a beam having a larger load, interference value, orinformation transmission error probability.

Alternatively, the predetermined priority level is determined through atleast one of: a traffic type; indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; predefinition; different signals;different channels; or different beams.

Alternatively, a channel occupation duration of a beam having a smallerload, interference value, or information transmission error probabilityis adjusted.

Alternatively, a measurement quantity to be measured includes: areceived signal strength indication (RSSI); reference signal receivingpower (RSRP); reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ); oracknowledgement (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedbackinformation.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a data receiving method isprovided. The data receiving method includes: acquiring predefinedinformation; and performing, according to the predefined information,information reception processing in an omnidirectional mode or adirectional mode.

Alternatively, whether a reception device performs a listen-before-talk(LBT) mechanism before performing the information reception according tothe omnidirectional mode or the directional mode is determined in one offollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a transmittingdevice and the reception device; indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling; or indication throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, before the reception device performs the informationreception according to the omnidirectional mode, the method includes:performing the LBT mechanism or interference measurement; and performinga predetermined processing based on an LBT result or an interferencemeasurement result.

Alternatively, performing the predetermined processing based on the LBTresult or the interference measurement result includes: when the LBTfails or succeeds, reporting the LBT result to a transmission device ona transmitting side; or in when the LBT fails or succeeds, sending anindication signal to the transmission device on the transmitting side;or when the interference measurement result meets a predeterminedthreshold, reporting the interference measurement result to thetransmission device; or when the interference measurement result meetsthe predetermined threshold, sending an indication signal to thetransmission device.

Alternatively, performing the predetermined processing based on the LBTresult or the interference measurement result includes: when the LBTfails, the reception device performing a reception mode switchingoperation; or when the interference measurement result meets apredetermined threshold, the reception device performing the receptionmode switching operation; or when the LBT fails and a transmission modeswitching indication is enabled, the reception device performing thereception mode switching operation; or when the interference measurementresult meets the predetermined threshold and the transmission modeswitching indication is enabled, the reception device performing thereception mode switching operation.

Alternatively, performing, by the reception device, the reception modeswitching operation includes: switching from an omnidirectionalreception mode to a directional reception mode.

Alternatively, the reception device determines to perform the receptionmode switching operation or acquisition of the transmission modeswitching indication in at least one of following manners: indicationthough physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling;predefinition; reception of indication information of the transmittingdevice; agreement between the transmitting device and the receptiondevice; indication through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC)signaling; or event-based triggering.

Alternatively, a directional beam to which the reception device switchesis determined in at least one of following manners: indication throughphysical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling; indicationthrough higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling;predefinition; determining based on measurement; or determining based ona signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR).

Alternatively, after switching from the omnidirectional reception modeto the directional reception mode, the method further includes:performing the LBT mechanism on a switched-to beam.

Alternatively, before the reception device performs reception accordingto the directional mode, the method includes: performing the LBTmechanism on a directional beam.

Alternatively, performing the LBT mechanism on a beam includes one of:if the LBT on the beam succeeds, sending indication information to atransmission device; if the LBT on the beam fails, sending indicationinformation to the transmission device; or if the LBT on the beam fails,performing the LBT mechanism on the beam again or switching to anotherbeam and performing the LBT mechanism on the another beam.

Alternatively, the directional mode includes at least one of: adirectional transmit beam or a directional receive beam.

Alternatively, for one reception device, a relationship between thedirectional transmit beam and the directional receive beam includes: thedirectional transmit beam being the same as the directional receivebeam; or the directional transmit beam being different from thedirectional receive beam; or the directional transmit beam partiallyoverlapping the directional receive beam.

Alternatively, the relationship between the directional transmit beamand the directional receive beam is determined in at least one of thefollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a base stationand a user equipment (UE); indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, performing the LBT mechanism on a beam includes:determining signal energy received by the reception device in thedirectional beam; comparing the signal energy received in thedirectional beam with a predetermined threshold value; and determining,based on the comparison result, a busy/idle state of a channel in thedirectional beam.

Alternatively, determining the signal energy received by the receptiondevice in the directional beam includes: the signal energy received bythe reception device in a beam range is equal to a norm of a value,where the value is a product of a beamforming weight of the receptiondevice and a sum of signals received in the beam range by the receptiondevice from surrounding devices. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived by the reception device in the beam range is equal to a norm ofa value, where the value is an accumulated sum of the signals receivedby the reception device in the beam range from all of the surroundingdevices. Alternatively, the signal energy received by the receptiondevice in the beam range is equal to ∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥ or ∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . . V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥ where V denotesthe beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote a channelmatrix between the reception device and one of the surrounding devices,X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signal vector of one of thesurrounding devices of the reception device, * denotes a productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the number of thesurrounding devices of the reception device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes asignal sent by an i-th surrounding device and received by the receptiondevice, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by the i-th surroundingdevice and received by the reception device in the beam range.Alternatively, the signal energy received by the reception device in thebeam range being equal to an accumulated sum of signal energy receivedfrom all of the surrounding devices by the reception device in the beamrange; or the signal energy received by the reception device in the beamrange being equal to ∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥. Vdenotes the beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote achannel matrix between the reception device and one of the surroundingdevices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signal vector ofone of the surrounding devices of the reception device, * denotes aproduct operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the number of thesurrounding devices of the reception device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes thesignal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by the receptiondevice, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by the i-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device in the beamrange.

Alternatively, determining the busy/idle state of the channel in thedirectional beam includes: when the signal energy received in thedirectional beam is not greater than the predetermined threshold value,determining that the channel in the directional beam is idle; or whenthe signal energy received in the directional beam is greater than thepredetermined threshold value, determining that the channel in thedirectional beam is busy.

Alternatively, when the reception device performs signal reception byusing a plurality of directional beams, the reception device determines,according to signal energy received in each of the plurality ofdirectional beams, busy/idle states of channels on the plurality ofdirectional beams or busy/idle states of channels in a beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, determining, according to the signal energy received inthe each of the plurality of directional beams, the busy/idle state ofthe channel on each of the plurality of directional beams or thebusy/idle states of the channels in the beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams includes: if the LBT is successfullyperformed on at least one of the plurality of directional beams,determining that the plurality of directional beams are available orthat the channels are idle, and performing signal reception only on thedirectional beam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if theLBT is successfully performed on all of the plurality of directionalbeams, determining that the plurality of directional beams are availableor that the channels are idle; or if the LBT fails on at least one ofthe plurality of directional beams, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are not available or that the channels are busy; or ifa number of directional beams, among the plurality of directional beams,on which the LBT is successfully performed reaches a predeterminedthreshold value, determining that the plurality of directional beams areavailable or that the channels are idle, and performing transmissiononly on the directional beam on which the LBT is successfully performed;or if a number of directional beams, among the plurality of directionalbeams, on which the LBT fails reaches a predetermined threshold value,determining that the plurality of directional beams are not available orthat the channels are busy.

Alternatively, when the reception device performs signal reception byusing a plurality of directional beams, the reception device determines,according to a sum of signal energies received in the plurality ofdirectional beams, busy/idle states of channels on the plurality ofdirectional beams or busy/idle states of channels in a beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, when the plurality of directional beams belong to a sameantenna element or antenna port, a method for calculating the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams includes: signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to an accumulatedsum of signal energy received by the reception device in a first beam,signal energy received by the reception device in a second beam, . . .and signal energy received by the reception device in an m-th beam.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥,where V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁,H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the receptiondevice and the surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote thetransmit signal vector of the surrounding device of the receptiondevice, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of surrounding devices of the reception device, m is thenumber of directional beams used in the signal reception of thereception device, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by a j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device,V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding deviceand received by the reception device in an i-th beam range, andV^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by thesurrounding devices and received in the i-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to a norm of a value, where the value is theaccumulated sum of the signal energy received by the reception device inthe first beam, the signal energy received by the reception device inthe second beam, . . . and the signal energy received by the receptiondevice in the m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams being equalto∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . .. , H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the reception deviceand the surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote thetransmit signal vector of the surrounding device of the receptiondevice, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of surrounding devices of the reception device, m is thenumber of directional beams used in the signal reception of thereception device, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device,V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding deviceand received by the reception device in an i-th beam range, andV^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by thesurrounding devices and received in the i-th beam.

Alternatively, when the plurality of directional beams belong todifferent antenna elements or antenna ports, a method for calculatingsignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams includes: signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to an accumulatedsum of signal energy received by the reception device in a first beam,signal energy received by the reception device in a second beam, . . .and signal energy received by the reception device in an m-th beam.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂ + . .. +H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(m)*X_(n))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thereception device and one of the n surrounding devices on the i-th beam,X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of thesurrounding device of the reception device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes asignal sent by a j-th surrounding device and received by the receptiondevice, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device in the i-th beamrange, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotessignals sent by n surrounding devices and received by the receptiondevice in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))∥ denotes signal energies received by the receptiondevice in the i-th beam range from n surrounding devices, * denotes theproduct operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number ofsurrounding devices of the reception device, m is the number of beams.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to a norm of the accumulatedsum of the signal energy received by the reception device in the firstbeam, the signal energy received by the reception device in the secondbeam, . . . and the signal energy received by the reception device inthe m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ²*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(m)*X_(n))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix on the i-th beambetween the reception device and one of the n surrounding devices, X₁,X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of thesurrounding device of the reception device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes asignal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the receptiondevice, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device in the i-th beamrange, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotessignals sent by n surrounding devices and received by the receptiondevice in the i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥denotes the norm operator, n is the number of surrounding devices of thereception device, m is the number of beams. The signal energy receivedin the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equalto an accumulated sum of signal energies sent by n1 surrounding devicesand received by the reception device in the first beam, signal energiessent by n2 surrounding devices and received by the reception device inthe second beam, . . . and signal energies sent by nn surroundingdevices and received by the reception device in the m-th beam.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thereception device and one of the nj surrounding devices on the i-th beam,X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denotes the transmit signalvectors of the nj surrounding devices of the reception device on thei-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by a nj-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(nj)^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote a signal sent by the nj-th surrounding deviceand received by the reception device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotessignals sent by the nj surrounding devices and received by the receptiondevice in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+. . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i))∥ denotes signal energy sent by the njsurrounding devices and received by the reception device in the i-thbeam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the normoperator, nj is the number of the surrounding devices of the receptiondevice, m is the number of beams. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsbeing equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signals sent by the n1surrounding devices and received by the reception device in the firstbeam, signals sent by the n2 surrounding devices and received by thereception device in the second beam, . . . and signals sent by the nnsurrounding devices and received by the reception device in the m-thbeam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thereception device and one of the nj surrounding devices on the i-th beam,X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectorsof the nj surrounding devices of the reception device on the i-th beam,H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by a nj-th surroundingdevice and received by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i) denotes a signal sent by the nj-th surrounding device and receivedby the reception device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signalssent by the nj surrounding devices and received by the reception ndevice in the i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥denotes the norm operator, nj is the number of surrounding devices ofthe reception device, m is the number of beams. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signalssent by the n surrounding devices and received by the reception devicein the first beam, signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the second beam, . . . and signalssent by the n surrounding devices and received by the reception devicein the m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂²+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂^(m)+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thereception device and one of the surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(n) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectors ofthe surrounding devices of the reception device on the i-th beam, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of surrounding devices of the reception device, m is the numberof beams, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device on the i-thbeam, and V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) is the signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device in the i-th beamrange.

Alternatively, the beamforming weight includes: a transmit beamformingweight of the reception device or a receive beamforming weight of thereception device.

Alternatively, the transmit beamforming weight and/or the receivebeamforming weight are determined in one of following manners: in amanner of predefinition; in a manner of configuration by a base station;in a manner of configuration by a user equipment (UE); in a manner ofpre-agreement between the base station and the UE; in a manner ofindication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; and in a manner of performing singular value decomposition(SVD) on a channel matrix H between a transmitting device and thereception device.

Alternatively, when the reception device performs signal reception byusing a plurality of directional beams, the reception device determineschannel conditions of the plurality of directional beams according tosignal energy received in a beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Alternatively, calculation of the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams includes: the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to a norm of a value, where the value is aproduct of a sum of signals received from surrounding devices of thereception device and a beamforming weight formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Alternatively, the method includes: when signal energy received in abeam coverage range formed by the plurality of directional beams is notgreater than a predetermined threshold value, determining that thechannel in a beam formed by the plurality of directional beams is idleor that channels in the plurality of directional beams are idle; or whenthe signal energy received in the beam coverage range formed by theplurality of directional beams is greater than the predeterminedthreshold value, determining that the channel in the beam formed by theplurality of directional beams is busy or that the channels in theplurality of directional beams are busy.

Alternatively, when the channels in the beams are detected to be busy,the reception device performs an LBT detection on a finer directionalbeam in the directional beam on which the LBT fails; or the receptiondevice performs the LBT detection on directional beams other than thedirectional beams on which the LBT fails.

Alternatively, when the reception device performs the LBT mechanism on aplurality of directional beams, the reception device performs Cat2 LBTsimultaneously on the plurality of directional beams; or the receptiondevice performs Cat4 LBT on a main directional beam of the plurality ofdirectional beams, and when the LBT process is about to be completed,the reception device starts performing the Cat2 LBT on other directionalbeams; or the reception device performs the Cat4 LBT on the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Alternatively, the main directional beam of the plurality of directionalbeams is determined in one of following manners: determination by a basestation, determination by a user equipment (UE), determination by thebase station and the UE, predefinition, indication through physicallayer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, or indicationthrough higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, when performing the Cat4 LBT on the plurality ofdirectional beams, the method includes: respectively generating a randombackoff value N on each of the plurality of directional beams; or usingthe same random backoff value N for the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the method includes: performing a Cat2 LBT mechanism on adirectional beam or using Cat2 LBT having a shorter detection durationin a transmission period, a channel occupancy time, or abeam group; orperforming the Cat2 LBT mechanism, a Cat4 LBT mechanism, Cat4 LBTcorresponding to a predetermined priority level, or Cat3 LBT on adirectional beam outside the transmission period, the channel occupancytime, or the beam group; or performing the Cat4 LBT mechanism, the Cat4LBT corresponding to the predetermined priority level, or the Cat3 LBTon a directional beam in the transmission period, or the channeloccupancy time, or an initial beam group.

Alternatively, the predetermined priority level or an LBT mechanism usedfor the directional beam is determined in one of following manners:pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);predefinition; indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling by the base station; or indication throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the method includes: performing a same LBT mechanism ordifferent LBT mechanisms on directional beams in different beam groupsor different channel occupancy times or different transmission periods.

Alternatively, the predefined information includes at least one of: atransmission mode, indication signaling, an information type, framestructure information, a beam identifier (ID), a beamforming weight, abeam type, a beam pattern, a threshold value, an LBT mechanismindication, a time domain resource, a corresponding relationship betweenthe time domain resource and a beam, a frequency domain resource, afrequency domain hopping manner, a channel reciprocity indication, data,a beam switching indication, or a transmission mode switchingindication.

Alternatively, the indication signaling includes at least one of:physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, orhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the information type includes at least one of: controlinformation, data, a reference signal, or a traffic type.

Alternatively, the beam type includes: a single-beam type and amulti-beam type.

Alternatively, the predefined information is determined in at least oneof following manners: predefinition, pre-agreement between a basestation and a user equipment (UE), indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling, or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, before the reception device performs reception accordingto the directional mode, the method includes: performing anon-listen-before-talk (LBT) predetermined processing operation.

Alternatively, performing the predetermined non-LBT processing operationincludes one of the following: performing directional beamrandomization; processing using directional beam pattern; or processingusing semi-statically configured directional beam.

Alternatively, performing the directional beam randomization orprocessing using the directional beam pattern includes: determining thereceive beam or the receive beam pattern according to a fixed rule; ordetermining the receive beam or the receive beam pattern in a randommanner.

Alternatively, determining the receive beam or the receive beam patternaccording to the fixed rule includes: determining the receive beamaccording to a decreasing order of beam index; or determining thereceive beam pattern according to a decreasing order of beam patternindex; or determining the receive beam according to an increasing orderof beam index; or determining the receive beam pattern according to anincreasing order of beam pattern index; or determining the receive beamaccording to at least one of beams with even indexes/beams with oddindexes; or determining the receive beam pattern according to at leastone of beam patterns with even indexes/beam patterns with odd indexes;or determining the receive beam according to beams with even indexes andan increasing order or a decreasing order, or according to beams withodd indexes and in the increasing order or the decreasing order; ordetermining the receive beam pattern according to beam patterns witheven indexes and an increasing order or a decreasing order, or accordingto beam patterns with odd indexes and in the increasing order or thedecreasing order; or determining, from a plurality of beams, a beam asthe receive beam, wherein the index of the beam in the plurality ofbeams modulo an offset is equal to M; or determining, from a pluralityof beam patterns, a beam pattern as the receive beam pattern, whereinthe index of the beam pattern in the plurality of beam patterns moduloan offset is equal to M; or indicating, through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern,the offset in the beam, or an offset in a beam pattern set used by thereception device; or indicating, through higher-layer radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern, the offset inthe beam, or the offset in the beam pattern set used by the receptiondevice.

Alternatively, indicating, through the physical layer DCI signaling orthe higher-layer RRC signaling, the receive beam or the receive beampattern includes: determining the receive beam or the receive beampattern through a value corresponding to the number of bits of bitinformation; determining the receive beam or the receive beam patternthrough a bitmap; or determining the receive beam or the receive beampattern through a beam indication field.

Alternatively, the fixed rule, the offset or M is determined in one offollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a base stationand a user equipment (UE); indication through the physical layer DCIsignaling; or configuration through the higher-layer RRC signaling.

Alternatively, determining the receive beam or the receive beam patternin the random manner includes: generating a positive integer within [1,p] or [0, p−1] in a manner of a random sequence or in a manner of arandom function; where p is a number of beams or a number of frequencydomain resources.

Alternatively, the random function includes: a uniform distributionfunction; a binomial distribution function; or a normal distributionfunction.

Alternatively, the fixed rule and/or the random manner is determined inone of following manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a basestation and a user equipment (UE); indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling; or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, processing using semi-statically configured directionalbeam includes: in a predetermined period, measuring the configureddirectional beam or a beam in a directional beam set, and determining,based on measurement information, whether to perform a directional beamswitching operation.

Alternatively, a criterion for determining directional beam switchingincludes: performing the directional beam switching operation when aload, an interference value, or an information transmission errorprobability on a current receive beam in the predetermined period ismeasured to be greater than a predetermined threshold value; or notperforming the directional beam switching operation when the load, theinterference value, or the information transmission error probability onthe current transmission beam in the predetermined period is measured tobe not greater than the predetermined threshold value.

Alternatively, Cat2 LBT, or Cat2 LBT having a shorter detectionduration, or Cat4 LBT corresponding to a predetermined priority level,is performed on a beam having a larger load, interference value, orinformation transmission error probability.

Alternatively, the predetermined priority level is determined through atleast one of: a traffic type; indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; predefinition; different signals;different channels; or different beams.

Alternatively, a channel occupation duration of a beam having a smallerload, interference value, or information transmission error probabilityis adjusted.

Alternatively, a measurement quantity to be measured includes: areceived signal strength indication (RSSI); reference signal receivingpower (RSRP); reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ); oracknowledgement (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedbackinformation.

In an aspect of the present disclosure, a data transmission apparatus isprovided. The data transmission apparatus includes: a first acquiringmodule, which is configured to obtain predefined information; a firstdetermining module, which is configured to determine, according to thepredefined information, whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT)mechanism before transmission; and a first processing module, which isconfigured to: perform the LBT mechanism before a transmission deviceperforms transmission according to a predetermined transmission modewhen LBT indication information is carried in the predefinedinformation, or perform a predetermined non-LBT processing operationbefore the transmission device performs the transmission according tothe predetermined transmission mode when the LBT indication informationis not carried in the predefined information.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a data reception apparatusis provided. The data reception apparatus includes: a second acquiringmodule, which is configured to obtain predefined information; and asecond processing module, which is configured to perform, according tothe predefined information, information reception processing accordingto an omnidirectional mode or a directional mode.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a base station is provided.The base station includes the data transmission apparatus and/or thedata reception apparatus described above.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal is provided. Theterminal includes the data transmission apparatus and/or the datareception apparatus described above.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a storagemedium is further provided. The storage medium is configured to storeprogram codes for executing the following steps: acquiring predefinedinformation; determining, according to the predefined information,whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism beforetransmission; and if LBT indication information is carried in thepredefined information, performing the LBT mechanism before atransmission device performs transmission according to a predeterminedtransmission mode; or if the LBT indication information is not carriedin the predefined information, performing a predetermined non-LBTprocessing operation before the transmission device performs thetransmission according to the predetermined transmission mode.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predeterminedtransmission mode includes: an omnidirectional mode or a directionalmode.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The directional modeincludes at least one of: a directional transmit beam or a directionalreceive beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. For one transmissiondevice, a relationship between the directional transmit beam and thedirectional receive beam includes: the directional transmit beam beingthe same as the directional receive beam; or the directional transmitbeam being different from the directional receive beam; or thedirectional transmit beam partially overlapping the directional receivebeam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The relationship betweenthe directional transmit beam and the directional receive beam isdetermined in at least one of the following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the steps described below. In a case where thetransmission device performs transmission according to the directionalmode, performing the LBT mechanism before performing the transmissionaccording to the directional mode includes: determining signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a directional beam; comparing thesignal energy received in the directional beam with a predeterminedthreshold value; and determining, based on the comparison result, abusy/idle state of a channel in the directional beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe signal energy received by the transmission device in the directionalbeam includes: the signal energy received by the transmission device ina beam range being equal to a norm of a value, where the value is aproduct of a beamforming weight of the transmission device and a sum ofsignals received in the beam range by the transmission device fromsurrounding devices. Alternatively, the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the beam range being equal to a norm of a value,where the value is an accumulated sum of the signals received by thetransmission device in the beam range from all of the surroundingdevices. Alternatively, the signal energy received by the transmissiondevice in the beam range being equal to ∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥ or ∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . . V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥ where V denotesthe beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote a channelmatrix between the transmission device and one of the surroundingdevices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signal vector ofone of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, * denotes aproduct operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the number of thesurrounding devices of the transmission device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes asignal sent by an i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by the i-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the beamrange. Alternatively, the signal energy received by the transmissiondevice in the beam range being equal to an accumulated sum of signalenergy received from all of the surrounding devices by the transmissiondevice in the beam range; or the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the beam range being equal to∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥.

V denotes the beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote achannel matrix between the transmission device and one of thesurrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signalvector of one of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, *denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the numberof the surrounding devices of the transmission device, H_(i)*X_(i)denotes the signal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received bythe transmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent bythe i-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device inthe beam range.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe busy/idle state of the channel in the directional beam includes: ina case of the signal energy received in the directional beam being notgreater than the predetermined threshold value, determining that thechannel in the directional beam is idle; or in a case of the signalenergy received in the directional beam being greater than thepredetermined threshold value, determining that the channel in thedirectional beam is busy.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A case where thetransmission device performs transmission by using a plurality ofdirectional beams includes: determining, according to signal energyreceived in each of the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle statesof channels on the plurality of directional beams or busy/idle states ofchannels in a beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determining,according to the signal energy received in the each of the plurality ofdirectional beams, the busy/idle state of the channel on each of theplurality of directional beams or the busy/idle states of the channelsin the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsincludes: if the LBT is successfully performed on at least one of theplurality of directional beams, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle, andperforming transmission only on the directional beam on which the LBT issuccessfully performed; or if the LBT is successfully performed on allof the plurality of directional beams, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle; or if theLBT fails to be performed on at least one of the plurality ofdirectional beams, determining that the plurality of directional beamsare not available or that the channels are busy; or if a number ofdirectional beams, among the plurality of directional beams, on whichthe LBT is successfully performed reaches a predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that the plurality of directional beams are availableor that the channels are idle, and performing transmission only on thedirectional beam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if anumber of directional beams, among the plurality of directional beams,on which the LBT fails to be performed reaches a predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that the plurality of directional beams are notavailable or that the channels are busy.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The case where thetransmission device performs transmission by using a plurality ofdirectional beams includes: determining, according to a sum of signalenergy received in each of the plurality of directional beams, busy/idlestates of channels on the plurality of directional beams or busy/idlestates of channels in a beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. In the case where theplurality of directional beams belong to a same antenna element orantenna port, the method for calculating the signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams includes:signal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to an accumulated sum of signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a first beam, signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a second beam, . . . and signalenergy received by the transmission device in an m-th beam.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . .∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥, where V¹, V², . . . , V^(m)denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denotethe channel matrix between the transmission device and the surroundingdevice, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector ofthe surrounding device of the transmission device, * denotes the productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number of surroundingdevices of the transmission device, m is the number of directional beamstransmitted by the transmission device, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by a j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surroundingdevice and received by the transmission device in an i-th beam range,and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by thesurrounding devices and received in the i-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to a norm of a value, wherein the value isthe accumulated sum of the signal energy received by the transmissiondevice in the first beam, the signal energy received by the transmissiondevice in the second beam, . . . and the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsbeing equal to ∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ .. . +H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥. V¹,V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . . . ,H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the transmission device andthe surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmitsignal vector of the surrounding device of the transmission device, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is thenumber of directional beams transmitted by the transmission device,H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in an i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices andreceived in the i-th beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. In the case where theplurality of directional beams belong to different antenna elements orantenna ports, a method for calculating signal energy received in thebeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams includes:signal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to an accumulated sum of signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a first beam, signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a second beam, . . . and signalenergy received by the transmission device in an m-th beam.

Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . .. +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . .∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥. V₁, V₂, . . ., V_(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . ,H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between the transmissiondevice and one of the n surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁, X₂, .. . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of the surroundingdevice of the transmission device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by a j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))denotes signals sent by n surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))∥ denotes signal energies received bythe transmission device in the i-th beam range from n surroundingdevices, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator,n is the number of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m isthe number of beams. Alternatively, the signal energy received in thebeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to anorm of the accumulated sum of the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the first beam, the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the second beam, . . . and the signal energyreceived by the transmission device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m)denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n)^(i) each denote the channel matrix on the i-th beam between thetransmission device and one of the n surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . ., X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of the surrounding deviceof the transmission device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent bythe j-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device,V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surroundingdevice and received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range,V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signalssent by n surrounding devices and received by the transmission device inthe i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, n is the number of surrounding devices of thetransmission device, m is the number of beams. The signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to an accumulated sum of signal energies sent by n1 surroundingdevices and received by the transmission device in the first beam,signal energies sent by n2 surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the second beam, . . . and signal energies sentby nn surrounding devices and received by the transmission device in them-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . .+H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . .. +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamformingweights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denotethe channel matrix between the transmission device and one of the njsurrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj)^(i) denotes the transmit signal vectors of the nj surrounding devicesof the transmission device on the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)denotes a signal sent by a nj-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote a signal sentby the nj-th surrounding device and received by the transmission devicein the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . .+H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surroundingdevices and received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range,∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i))∥ denotes signal energy sent by the nj surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nj is the number ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofbeams. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to a norm of anaccumulated sum of signals sent by the n1 surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the first beam, signals sent bythe n2 surrounding devices and received by the transmission device inthe second beam, . . . and signals sent by the nn surrounding devicesand received by the transmission device in the m-th beam. Alternatively,the signal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1)¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn)^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrixbetween the transmission device and one of the nj surrounding devices onthe i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmitsignal vectors of the nj surrounding devices of the transmission deviceon the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by anj-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device,V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by the nj-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj)^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nj is the number ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofbeams. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to a norm of anaccumulated sum of signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the first beam, signals sent bythe n surrounding devices and received by the transmission device in thesecond beam, . . . and signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n)¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thetransmission device and one of the surrounding devices on the i-th beam,X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(n) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectorsof the surrounding devices of the transmission device on the i-thbeam, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m isthe number of beams, i is a positive integer within [1, m], H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device on the i-th beam, and V^(i)*H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) is the signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The beamforming weightincludes: a transmit beamforming weight of the transmission device or areceive beamforming weight of the transmission device.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The transmit beamformingweight and/or the receive beamforming weight are determined in one offollowing manners: in a manner of predefinition; in a manner ofconfiguration by a base station; in a manner of configuration by a userequipment (UE); in a manner of pre-agreement between the base stationand the UE; in a manner of indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; or in a manner of performingsingular value decomposition (SVD) on a channel matrix H between atransmitting device and the reception device.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A case where thetransmission device performs transmission by using a plurality ofdirectional beams includes: determining channel conditions of theplurality of directional beams according to signal energy received in abeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Calculation of the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams includes: the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to a normof a value, where the value is a product of a sum of signals receivedfrom surrounding devices of the transmission device and a beamformingweight formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step includes: whensignal energy received in a beam coverage range formed by the pluralityof directional beams is not greater than a predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that channels in a beam formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams are idle or that channels in the plurality ofdirectional beams are idle; or when the signal energy received in thebeam coverage range formed by the plurality of directional beams isgreater than the predetermined threshold value, determining that thechannels in the beam formed by the plurality of directional beams arebusy or that the channels in the plurality of directional beams arebusy.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The case where thechannels in the beams are detected to be busy includes: performing, bythe transmission device, an LBT detection on a finer directional beam inthe directional beam on which the LBT fails to be performed; orperforming, by the transmission device, the LBT detection on directionalbeams other than the directional beams on which the LBT fails to beperformed.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The case where thetransmission device performs the LBT mechanism on a plurality ofdirectional beams includes: performing Cat2 LBT simultaneously on theplurality of directional beams; or performing Cat4 LBT on a maindirectional beam of the plurality of directional beams, and when the LBTprocess is about to be completed, starting performing the Cat2 LBT onother directional beams; or performing the Cat4 LBT on the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Alternatively, the main directional beam of the plurality of directionalbeams is determined in one of following manners: determination by a basestation, determination by a user equipment (UE), determination by thebase station and the UE, predefinition, indication through physicallayer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, or indicationthrough higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing theCat4 LBT on the plurality of directional beams includes: respectivelygenerating a random backoff value N on each of the plurality ofdirectional beams; or using the same random backoff value N for theplurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step includes:performing a Cat2 LBT mechanism on a directional beam or using Cat2 LBThaving a shorter detection duration in a transmission period, a channeloccupancy time, or abeam group; or performing the Cat2 LBT mechanism, aCat4 LBT mechanism, Cat4 LBT corresponding to a predetermined prioritylevel, or Cat3 LBT on a directional beam outside the transmissionperiod, the channel occupancy time, or the beam group; or performing theCat4 LBT mechanism, the Cat4 LBT corresponding to the predeterminedpriority level, or the Cat3 LBT on a directional beam in thetransmission period, or the channel occupancy time, or an initial beamgroup.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predetermined prioritylevel or an LBT mechanism used for the directional beam is determined inone of following manners: pre-agreement between a base station and auser equipment (UE); predefinition; indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling by the base station; orindication through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step includes:performing a same LBT mechanism or different LBT mechanisms ondirectional beams in different beam groups or different channeloccupancy times or different transmission periods.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predefined informationincludes at least one of: a transmission mode, indication signaling, aninformation type, frame structure information, a beam identifier (ID), abeamforming weight, a beam type, a beam pattern, a threshold value, anLBT mechanism indication, a time domain resource, a correspondingrelationship between the time domain resource and a beam, a frequencydomain resource, a frequency domain hopping manner, a channelreciprocity indication, data, a beam switching indication, or atransmission mode switching indication.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The indication signalingincludes at least one of: physical layer downlink control information(DCI) signaling or higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The information typeincludes at least one of: control information, data, a reference signal,or a traffic type.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The beam type includes: asingle-beam type and a multi-beam type.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predefined informationis determined in at least one of following manners: predefinition,pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE),indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling, or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing thepredetermined non-LBT processing operation includes one of thefollowing: performing directional beam randomization; processing usingdirectional beam pattern; performing frequency domain hopping; orprocessing using semi-statically configured directional beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing thedirectional beam randomization, processing using the directional beampattern, or processing using spectrum frequency hopping includes:determining a transmission beam, a transmission beam pattern, or afrequency domain hopping position according to a fixed rule; ordetermining the transmission beam, the transmission beam pattern, or thefrequency domain hopping position in a random manner.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe transmission beam, the transmission beam pattern, or the frequencydomain hopping position according to the fixed rule includes:determining the transmission beam according to beam indexes a decreasingorder of beam index; or determining the transmission beam patternaccording to a decreasing order of beam pattern index; or determiningthe frequency domain hopping position according to a decreasing order offrequency domain position index; or determining the transmission beamaccording to an increasing order of beam index; or determining thetransmission beam pattern according to an increasing order of beampattern index; or determining the frequency domain hopping positionaccording to an increasing order of frequency domain position; ordetermining the transmission beam according to at least one of beamswith even indexes/beams with odd indexes; or determining thetransmission beam pattern according to at least one of beam patternswith even indexes/beam patterns with odd indexes; or determining thefrequency domain hopping position according to at least one of frequencydomain positions with even indexes/frequency domain positions with oddindexes; or determining the transmission beam according to beams witheven indexes and an increasing order or a decreasing order or accordingto beams with odd indexes and in the increasing order or the decreasingorder; or determining the transmission beam pattern according to beampatterns with even indexes and an increasing order or a decreasing orderor according to beam patterns with odd indexes and in the increasingorder or the decreasing order; or determining the frequency domainhopping position according to frequency domain positions with evenindexes and an increasing order or a decreasing order or according tofrequency domain positions with odd indexes and in the increasing orderor the decreasing order; or determining, from a plurality of beams, abeam as the transmission beam, where the index of the beam in theplurality of beams modulo an offset is equal to M; or determining, froma plurality of beam patterns, a beam pattern as the transmission beampattern, where the index of the beam pattern in the plurality of beampatterns modulo an offset is equal to M; or determining a spectrumresource whose frequency domain index modulo an offset being equal to Mas the frequency domain hopping position; or indicating, throughphysical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, the beamindex, the beam pattern, a frequency domain index in a frequency domainresource, the offset in the beam, an offset in a beam pattern set, or anoffset in the frequency domain resource used by the transmission device;or indicating, through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC)signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern, the frequency domain indexin the frequency domain resource, the offset in the beam, the offset inthe beam pattern set, or the offset in the frequency domain resourceused by the transmission device.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of indicating,through the physical layer DCI signaling or the higher-layer RRCsignaling, the transmission beam, the beam pattern or the frequencydomain hopping position includes: determining the transmission beam, thebeam pattern or the frequency domain hopping position through a valuecorresponding to a number of bits of bit information; determining thetransmission beam, the beam pattern or the frequency domain hoppingposition through a bitmap; or determining the transmission beam, thebeam pattern or the frequency domain hopping position through a beamindication field or a frequency hopping indication field.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The fixed rule, the offsetor M is determined in one of following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through the physical layer DCI signaling; or configurationthrough the higher-layer RRC signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe transmission beam, the transmission beam pattern, or the frequencydomain staring position of frequency hopping in the random mannercomprises: generating a positive integer within [1, p] or [0, p−1] in amanner of a random sequence or in a manner of a random function; whereinp is a number of beams or a number of frequency domain resources.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The random functionincludes: a uniform distribution function; a binomial distributionfunction; or a normal distribution function.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The fixed rule and/or therandom manner are determined in one of following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of processingusing the semi-statically configured directional beam includes: in apredetermined period, measuring a configured directional beam or a beamin a directional beam set, and determining, based on measurementinformation, whether to perform a directional beam switching operation.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A criterion fordetermining directional beam switching includes: performing thedirectional beam switching operation when a load, an interference value,or an information transmission error probability on a currenttransmission beam in the predetermined period is measured to be greaterthan a predetermined threshold value; or not performing the directionalbeam switching operation when the load, the interference value, or theinformation transmission error probability on the current transmissionbeam in the predetermined period is measured to be not greater than thepredetermined threshold value.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Cat2 LBT, or Cat2 LBThaving a shorter detection duration, or Cat4 LBT corresponding to apredetermined priority level, is performed on a beam having a largerload, interference value, or information transmission error probability.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predetermined prioritylevel is determined through at least one of: a traffic type; indicationthrough physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling;predefinition; different signals; different channels; or differentbeams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A channel occupationduration of a beam having a smaller load, interference value, orinformation transmission error probability is adjusted.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A measurement quantity tobe measured includes: a received signal strength indication (RSSI);reference signal receiving power (RSRP); reference signal receivingquality (RSRQ); or acknowledgement (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK)feedback information.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a storagemedium is further provided. The storage medium is configured to storeprogram codes for executing the following steps: acquiring predefinedinformation; and performing, according to the predefined information,information reception according to an omnidirectional mode or adirectional mode.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Whether a reception deviceperforms a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism before performinginformation reception according to the omnidirectional mode or thedirectional mode is determined in one of following manners:predefinition; pre-agreement between a transmitting device and areception device; indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling; or indication through higher-layer radioresource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Before the receptiondevice performs the information reception according to theomnidirectional mode, the steps include: performing the LBT mechanism orinterference measurement; and performing predetermined processing basedon the LBT result or the interference measurement result.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing thepredetermined processing based on the LBT result or the interferencemeasurement result includes: when the LBT fails or succeeds, reportingthe LBT result to a transmission device on a transmitting side; when theLBT fails or succeeds, sending an indication signal to the transmissiondevice on the transmitting side; or when the interference measurementresult meets a predetermined threshold, reporting the interferencemeasurement result to the transmission device; or when the interferencemeasurement result meets the predetermined threshold, sending anindication signal to the transmission device.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing thepredetermined processing based on the LBT result or the interferencemeasurement result includes: when the LBT fails, performing, thereception device performs a reception mode switching operation; or whenthe interference measurement result meets a predetermined threshold, thereception device performs the reception mode switching operation; orwhen the LBT fails and a transmission mode switching indication isenabled, the reception device performs the reception mode switchingoperation; or when the interference measurement result meets thepredetermined threshold and the transmission mode switching indicationis enabled, the reception device performs the reception mode switchingoperation.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step that thereception device performs the reception mode switching operationincludes: switching from an omnidirectional reception mode to adirectional reception mode.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step that thereception device performs the reception mode switching operation oracquires the transmission mode switching indication in at least one offollowing manners: physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling indication; predefinition; reception of indication informationof the sending device; agreement between the sending device and thereception device; indication through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling; or event-based triggering.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A directional beamswitched by the reception device is determined in at least one offollowing manners: indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling; indication through higher-layer radioresource control (RRC) signaling; predefinition; determining based onmeasurement; or determining based on a signal to interference plus noiseratio (SINR).

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. After switching from theomnidirectional reception mode to the directional reception mode, themethod further includes: performing the LBT mechanism on a switched-tobeam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Before the receptiondevice performs reception according to the directional mode, the methodincludes: performing the LBT mechanism on a directional beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing theLBT mechanism on a beam includes one of: if the LBT is successfullyperformed on the beam, sending indication information to a transmissiondevice; if the LBT fails on the beam, sending indication information tothe transmission device; and if the LBT fails on the beam, continuing toperform the LBT mechanism on the beam or switching to another beam forcontinuing to perform the LBT mechanism.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The directional modeincludes at least one of: a directional transmit beam or a directionalreceive beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. For the reception device,a relationship between the directional transmit beam and the directionalreceive beam includes: the directional transmit beam being the same asthe directional receive beam; or the directional transmit beam beingdifferent from the directional receive beam; or the directional transmitbeam partially overlapping the directional receive beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The relationship betweenthe directional transmit beam and the directional receive beam isdetermined in at least one of the following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing theLBT mechanism on a beam includes: determining signal energy received bythe reception device in the directional beam; comparing the signalenergy received in the directional beam with a predetermined thresholdvalue; and determining, based on the comparison result, a busy/idlestate of a channel in the directional beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe signal energy received by the reception device in the directionalbeam includes: the signal energy received by the reception device in abeam range being equal to a norm of a value, where the value is aproduct of a beamforming weight of the reception device and a sum ofsignals received in the beam range by the reception device fromsurrounding devices. Alternatively, the signal energy received by thereception device in the beam range being equal to a norm of a value,where the value is an accumulated sum of the signals received by thereception device in the beam range from all of the surrounding devices.Alternatively, the signal energy received by the reception device in thebeam range being equal to ∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥ or∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . . V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥ where V denotes the beamformingweight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote a channel matrix between thereception device and one of the surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . ,X_(n) each denote a transmit signal vector of one of the surroundingdevices of the reception device, * denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥denotes a norm operator, n is the number of the surrounding devices ofthe reception device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by an i-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device, andV*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by the i-th surrounding device andreceived by the reception device in the beam range. Alternatively, thesignal energy received by the reception device in the beam range beingequal to an accumulated sum of signal energy received from all of thesurrounding devices by the reception device in the beam range; or thesignal energy received by the reception device in the beam range beingequal to ∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥. V denotes thebeamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote a channel matrixbetween the reception device and one of the surrounding devices, X₁, X₂,. . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signal vector of one of thesurrounding devices of the reception device, * denotes a productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the number of thesurrounding devices of the reception device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes thesignal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by the receptiondevice, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by the i-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device in the beamrange.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe busy/idle state of the channel in the directional beam includes:upon the signal energy received in the directional beam being notgreater than the predetermined threshold value, determining that thechannel in the directional beam is idle; upon the signal energy receivedin the directional beam being greater than the predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that the channel in the directional beam is busy.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When the reception deviceperforms signal reception by using a plurality of directional beams, thereception device determines, according to signal energy received in eachof the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of channels onthe plurality of directional beams or busy/idle states of channels in abeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determining,according to the signal energy received in the each of the plurality ofdirectional beams, the busy/idle state of the channel on each of theplurality of directional beams or the busy/idle states of the channelsin the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsincludes: if the LBT is successfully performed on at least one of theplurality of directional beams, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle, andperforming transmission only on the directional beam on which the LBT issuccessfully performed; or if the LBT is successfully performed on allof the plurality of directional beams, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle; or if theLBT fails to be performed on at least one of the plurality ofdirectional beams, determining that the plurality of directional beamsare not available or that the channels are busy; or if a number ofdirectional beams, among the plurality of directional beams, on whichthe LBT is successfully performed reaches a predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that the plurality of directional beams are availableor that the channels are idle, and performing transmission only on thedirectional beam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if anumber of directional beams, among the plurality of directional beams,on which the LBT fails to be performed reaches a predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that the plurality of directional beams are notavailable or that the channels are busy.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When the reception deviceperforms signal reception by using a plurality of directional beams, thereception device determines, according to a sum of signal energyreceived in each of the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle statesof channels on the plurality of directional beams or busy/idle states ofchannels in a beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When the plurality ofdirectional beams belong to a same antenna element or antenna port, amethod for calculating the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams includes: signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to an accumulated sum of signal energy received by thereception device in a first beam, signal energy received by thereception device in a second beam, . . . and signal energy received bythe reception device in an m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to ∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . .. +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥, whereV¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . .. , H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the reception deviceand the surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote thetransmit signal vector of the surrounding device of the receptiondevice, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of surrounding devices of the reception device, m is thenumber of directional beams transmitted by the reception device,H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by a j-th surrounding device andreceived by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the reception devicein an i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices and received in the i-thbeam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to a norm of avalue, wherein the value is the accumulated sum of the signal energyreceived by the reception device in the first beam, the signal energyreceived by the reception device in the second beam, . . . and thesignal energy received by the reception device in the m-th beam.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . .. +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denotebeamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote thechannel matrix between the reception device and the surrounding device,X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of thesurrounding device of the reception device, * denotes the productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number of surroundingdevices of the reception device, m is the number of directional beamstransmitted by the reception device, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sentby the j-th surrounding device and received by the reception device,V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding deviceand received by the reception device in an i-th beam range, andV^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by thesurrounding devices and received in the i-th beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When the plurality ofdirectional beams belong to different antenna elements or antenna ports,a method for calculating signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams includes: signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to an accumulated sum of signal energy received by thereception device in a first beam, signal energy received by thereception device in a second beam, . . . and signal energy received bythe reception device in an m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights ofm beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channelmatrix between the reception device and one of the n surrounding deviceson the i-th beam, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signalvector of the surrounding device of the reception device, H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by a j-th surrounding device andreceived by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes asignal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the receptiondevice in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by n surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))∥ denotes signal energiesreceived by the reception device in the i-th beam range from nsurrounding devices, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, n is the number of surrounding devices of the receptiondevice, m is the number of beams. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to a norm of the accumulated sum of the signal energy receivedby the reception device in the first beam, the signal energy received bythe reception device in the second beam, . . . and the signal energyreceived by the reception device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m)denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n)^(i) each denote the channel matrix on the i-th beam between thereception device and one of the n surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . ,X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of the surrounding deviceof the reception device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by thej-th surrounding device and received by the reception device,V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surroundingdevice and received by the reception device in the i-th beam range,V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signalssent by n surrounding devices and received by the reception device inthe i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, n is the number of surrounding devices of the receptiondevice, m is the number of beams. The signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to anaccumulated sum of signal energies sent by n1 surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the first beam, signal energies sentby n2 surrounding devices and received by the reception device in thesecond beam, . . . and signal energies sent by nn surrounding devicesand received by the reception device in the m-th beam. Alternatively,the signal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1)¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥+ . . .∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn)^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrixbetween the reception device and one of the nj surrounding devices onthe i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denotes thetransmit signal vectors of the nj surrounding devices of the receptiondevice on the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sentby a nj-th surrounding device and received by the reception device,V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote a signal sent by the nj-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device in the i-th beamrange, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surrounding devices and received bythe reception device in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i))∥ denotes signal energysent by the nj surrounding devices and received by the reception devicein the i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, nj is the number of surrounding devices of the receptiondevice, m is the number of beams. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsbeing equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signals sent by the n1surrounding devices and received by the reception device in the firstbeam, signals sent by the n2 surrounding devices and received by thereception device in the second beam, . . . and signals sent by the nnsurrounding devices and received by the reception device in the m-thbeam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thereception device and one of the nj surrounding devices on the i-th beam,X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectorsof the nj surrounding devices of the reception device on the i-th beam,H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by a nj-th surroundingdevice and received by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i) denotes a signal sent by the nj-th surrounding device and receivedby the reception device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signalssent by the nj surrounding devices and received by the reception devicein the i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, nj is the number of surrounding devices of the receptiondevice, m is the number of beams. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsbeing equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signals sent by the nsurrounding devices and received by the reception device in the firstbeam, signals sent by the n surrounding devices and received by thereception device in the second beam, . . . and signals sent by the nsurrounding devices and received by the reception device in the m-thbeam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂²+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂^(m)+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thereception device and one of the surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(n) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectors ofthe surrounding devices of the reception device on the i-th beam, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of surrounding devices of the reception device, m is the numberof beams, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device on the i-thbeam, and V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) is the signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device in the i-th beamrange

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The beamforming weightincludes: a transmit beamforming weight of the reception device; or areceive beamforming weight of the reception device.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The transmit beamformingweight and/or the receive beamforming weight is determined in one offollowing manners: in a manner of predefinition; in a manner ofconfiguration by a base station; in a manner of configuration by a userequipment (UE); in a manner of pre-agreement between the base stationand the UE; in a manner of indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; or in a manner of performingsingular value decomposition (SVD) on a channel matrix H between atransmitting device and the reception device.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When the reception deviceperforms signal reception by using a plurality of directional beams,channel conditions of the plurality of directional beams are determinedaccording to signal energy received in a beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Calculation of the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams includes: the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to a normof a value, where the value is a product of a sum of signals receivedfrom surrounding devices of the reception device and a beamformingweight formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When signal energyreceived in a beam coverage range formed by the plurality of directionalbeams is not greater than a predetermined threshold value, determiningthat channels in a beam formed by the plurality of directional beams areidle or that channels in the plurality of directional beams are idle; orwhen the signal energy received in the beam coverage range formed by theplurality of directional beams is greater than the predeterminedthreshold value, determining that the channels in the beam formed by theplurality of directional beams are busy or that the channels in theplurality of directional beams are busy.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When the channels in thebeams are detected to be busy, the reception device performs an LBTdetection on a finer directional beam in the directional beam on whichthe LBT fails; or performs the LBT detection on directional beams otherthan the directional beams on which the LBT fails.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When the reception deviceperforms the LBT mechanism on a plurality of directional beams, thereception device performs Cat2 LBT simultaneously on the plurality ofdirectional beams; or the reception device performs Cat4 LBT on a maindirectional beam of the plurality of directional beams, and when the LBTprocess is about to be completed, the reception device starts performingthe Cat2 LBT on other directional beams; or the reception deviceperforms the Cat4 LBT on the plurality of directional beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The main directional beamof the plurality of directional beams is determined in one of followingmanners: determination by a base station, determination by a userequipment (UE), determination by the base station and the UE,predefinition, indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling, or indication through higher-layer radioresource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. When performing the Cat4LBT on the plurality of directional beams, random backoff values N aregenerated for the plurality of directional beams respectively; or theplurality of directional beams use the same random backoff value N.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the following step: performing a Cat2 LBT mechanismon a directional beam or using Cat2 LBT having a shorter detectionduration in a transmission period, a channel occupancy time, or abeamgroup; or performing the Cat2 LBT mechanism, a Cat4 LBT mechanism, Cat4LBT corresponding to a predetermined priority level, or Cat3 LBT on adirectional beam outside the transmission period, the channel occupancytime, or the beam group; or performing the Cat4 LBT mechanism, the Cat4LBT corresponding to the predetermined priority level, or the Cat3 LBTon a directional beam in the transmission period, or the channeloccupancy time, or an initial beam group.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predetermined prioritylevel or an LBT mechanism used for the directional beam is determined inone of following manners: pre-agreement between a base station and auser equipment (UE); predefinition; indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling by the base station; orindication through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the following step: performing a same LBT mechanismor different LBT mechanisms on directional beams in different beamgroups or different channel occupancy times or different transmissionperiods.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predefined informationincludes at least one of: a transmission mode, indication signaling, aninformation type, frame structure information, a beam identifier (ID), abeamforming weight, a beam type, a beam pattern, a threshold value, anLBT mechanism indication, a time domain resource, a correspondingrelationship between the time domain resource and a beam, a frequencydomain resource, a frequency domain hopping manner, a channelreciprocity indication, data, a beam switching indication, or atransmission mode switching indication.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The indication signalingincludes at least one of: physical layer downlink control information(DCI) signaling, or higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The information typeincludes at least one of: control information, data, a reference signal,or a traffic type.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The beam type includes: asingle-beam type and a multi-beam type.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predefined informationis determined in at least one of following manners: predefinition,pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE),indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling, or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Before the receptiondevice performs reception according to the directional mode, anon-listen-before-talk (LBT) predetermined processing operation isperformed.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing thepredetermined non-LBT processing operation includes one of thefollowing: performing directional beam randomization; processing usingdirectional beam pattern; or processing using semi-statically configureddirectional beam.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of performing thedirectional beam randomization or processing using the directional beampattern includes: determining a receive beam or a receive beam patternaccording to a fixed rule; or determining the receive beam or thereceive beam pattern in a random manner.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe receive beam or the receive beam pattern according to the fixed ruleincludes: determining the receive beam according to a decreasing orderof beam index; or determining the receive beam pattern according to adecreasing order of beam pattern index; or determining the receive beamaccording to an increasing order of beam index; or determining thereceive beam pattern according to an increasing order of beam patternindex; or determining the receive beam according to at least one ofbeams with even indexes/beams with odd indexes; or determining thereceive beam pattern according to at least one of beam patterns witheven indexes/beam patterns with odd indexes; or determining the receivebeam according to beams with even indexes and an increasing order or adecreasing order, or according to beams with odd indexes and in theincreasing order or the decreasing order; or determining the receivebeam pattern according to beam patterns with even indexes and anincreasing order or a decreasing order, or according to beam patternswith odd indexes and in the increasing order or the decreasing order; ordetermining, from a plurality of beams, a beam as the receive beam,wherein the index of the beam in the plurality of beams modulo an offsetis equal to M; or determining, from a plurality of beam patterns, a beampattern as the receive beam pattern, wherein the index of the beampattern in the plurality of beam patterns modulo an offset is equal toM; or indicating, through physical layer downlink control information(DCI) signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern, the offset in thebeam, or an offset in a beam pattern set used by the reception device;or indicating, through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC)signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern, the offset in the beam, orthe offset in the beam pattern set used by the reception device.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of indicating thereceive beam or the receive beam pattern through the physical layer DCIsignaling or the higher-layer RRC signaling includes: determining thereceive beam or the receive beam pattern through a value correspondingto a number of bits of bit information; or determining the receive beamor the receive beam pattern through a bitmap; or determining the receivebeam or the receive beam pattern through a beam indication field.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The fixed rule, the offsetor M is determined in one of following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through the physical layer DCI signaling; or configurationthrough the higher-layer RRC signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of determiningthe receive beam or the receive beam pattern in the random mannerincludes: generating a positive integer within [1, p] or [0, p−1] in amanner of a random sequence or in a manner of a random function; where pis the number of the beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The random functionincludes: a uniform distribution function; a binomial distributionfunction; or a normal distribution function.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The fixed rule and/or therandom manner are determined in one of following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The step of processingusing the semi-statically configured directional beam includes: in apredetermined period, measuring a configured directional beam or a beamin a directional beam set, and determining, based on measurementinformation, whether to perform a directional beam switching operation.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A criterion fordetermining directional beam switching includes: performing thedirectional beam switching operation when a load, an interference value,or an information transmission error probability on a current receivebeam in the predetermined period is measured to be greater than apredetermined threshold value; or not performing the directional beamswitching operation when the load, the interference value, or theinformation transmission error probability on the current receive beamin the predetermined period is measured to be not greater than thepredetermined threshold value.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. Cat2 LBT, or Cat2 LBThaving a shorter detection duration, or Cat4 LBT corresponding to apredetermined priority level, is performed on a beam having a largerload, interference value, or information transmission error probability.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. The predetermined prioritylevel is determined through one of: a traffic type; or indicationthrough physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling; orpredefinition; or different signals, and/or different channels, and/ordifferent beams.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A channel occupationduration of a beam having a smaller load, interference value, orinformation transmission error probability is adjusted.

Alternatively, the storage medium is further configured to store programcodes for executing the step described below. A measurement quantity tobe measured includes: a received signal strength indication (RSSI);reference signal receiving power (RSRP); reference signal receivingquality (RSRQ); or acknowledgement (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK)feedback information.

An electronic device is further provided in an embodiment of the presentdisclosure and includes:

at least one processor; and

a memory communicably connected to the at least one processor.

The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processorthat executes the instructions to execute the method described above.

According to the present disclosure, the signals in the beamformingsystem are separately processed by performing the LBT mechanism orperforming the predetermined non-LBT processing operation, whicheffectively solves the inefficient signal transmission problem in thebeamforming system in the related art. Furthermore, the inefficientsignal transmission problem in the beamforming system is solved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are used for providing an understanding ofthe present disclosure, and form a part of the present application. Theexemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof in the present disclosureare used to explain the present disclosure and do not limit the presentdisclosure in any improper way. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hardware configuration of a mobileterminal for a data transmission method according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a data transmission method according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a data receiving method according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an omnidirectional ED-based LBT used bya transmission device which performs signal transmission and receptionin an omnidirectional mode according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an omnidirectional ED-based LBT used ina downlink in which a base station 1 performs transmission in anomnidirectional mode and a base station 2 performs transmission in adirectional mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an omnidirectional ED-based LBT used inan uplink in which a UE1 performs transmission in an omnidirectionalmode and a UE2 performs transmission in a directional mode according toan embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an omnidirectional ED-based LBT used inan uplink in which a UE1 performs transmission in an omnidirectionalmode and a UE2 performs transmission in a directional mode according toan embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram 1 of an interference relationship based ona beam transmission scenario according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a transmit beam and a receive beam inan ideal state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram 2 of an interference relationship basedon a beam transmission scenario according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram 3 of an interference relationship basedon a beam transmission scenario according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram 4 of an interference relationship basedon a beam transmission scenario according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of transmission in a beamforming mannerand reception in an omnidirectional manner according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of multi-level beams according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of processing a beam in a transmissionperiod according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of processing a beam outside atransmission period according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of beams used by different signals and/ordifferent channels and/or different traffic types according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a wide beam pattern and a fine beampattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a structural block diagram of a data transmission apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a structural block diagram of a data transmission apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 is a structural block diagram of a base station according to anembodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 22 is a structural block diagram of a terminal according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will be described hereinafter in detail withreference to the drawings and in conjunction with embodiments. If not incollision, the embodiments described herein and the features thereof maybe combined with each other.

The terms “first”, “second” and the like in the specification, claimsand above drawings of the present disclosure are used to distinguishbetween similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe aparticular order or sequence.

Embodiment 1

A method embodiment provided by the embodiment 1 of the presentapplication may be executed in a mobile terminal, a computer terminal orother similar computing apparatuses. In an example, the method isexecuted in the mobile terminal. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hardwareconfiguration of a mobile terminal of a data transmission methodaccording to the embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.1, a mobile terminal 10 may include one or more (only one processor isshown in FIG. 1) processors 102 (the processors 102 may include, but arenot limited to, a processing apparatus such as a microcontroller unit(MCU) and a field programmable gate array (FPGA)), a memory 104configured to store data, and a transmission apparatus 106 configured toimplement a communication function. The memory 104 stores instructionsexecutable by at least one processor 102. Execution of the instructionsby the at least one processor 102 causes the at least one processor 102to execute the data transmission method and the data reception methoddescribed below. It should be understood by those skilled in the artthat the structure shown in FIG. 1 is merely illustrative, and notintended to limit the structure of the electronic apparatus describedabove. For example, the mobile terminal 10 may further include more orfewer components than that shown in FIG. 1, or may have a configurationdifferent from the configuration shown in FIG. 1.

The memory 104 may be configured to store software programs and modulesof application software, such as program instructions/modulescorresponding to the data transmission method in the embodiments of thepresent disclosure. The processor 102 executes the software programs andmodules stored in the memory 104 to perform functional applications anddata processing, that is, to implement the method described above. Thememory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory, and mayfurther include a nonvolatile memory, such as one or more magneticstorage apparatuses, flash memories or other nonvolatile solid-statememories. In some examples, the memory 104 may include memories whichare remotely disposed with respect to the one or more processors 102 andthese remote memories may be connected to the mobile terminal 10 via anetwork. Examples of the preceding network include, but are not limitedto, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobilecommunication network and a combination thereof.

The transmission apparatus 106 is configured to receive or send data viaa network. Examples of such a network may include a wireless networkprovided by a communication provider of the mobile terminal 10. In oneexample, the transmission apparatus 106 includes a network interfacecontroller (NIC), which may be connected to other network devices via abase station and thus is capable of communicating with the Internet. Inone example, the transmission apparatus 106 may be a radio frequency(RF) module, which is configured to communicate with the Internet in awireless way.

The present embodiment provides a data transmission method to beexecuted in the mobile terminal or network architecture described above.FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the data transmission method according to theembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the methodincludes the steps described below.

In S202, predefined information is obtained.

In S204, it is determined, according to the predefined information,whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism beforetransmission.

In S206, when LBT indication information is carried in the predefinedinformation, the LBT mechanism is performed before a transmission deviceperforms transmission according to a predetermined transmission mode; orwhen the LBT indication information is not carried in the predefinedinformation, a predetermined non-LBT processing operation is performedbefore the transmission device performs the transmission according tothe predetermined transmission mode.

With the steps described above, the signals in the beamforming systemare separately transmitted by performing the LBT mechanism or performingthe predetermined non-LBT processing operation, which effectively solvesthe inefficient signal transmission problem in the beamforming system.

Alternatively, the predetermined transmission mode may include: anomnidirectional mode or a directional mode. The directional mode mayinclude at least one of: a directional transmit beam or a directionalreceive beam.

For one transmission device, the directional transmit beam and thedirectional receive beam may have multiple relationships. For example,the relationship includes: the directional transmit beam being the sameas the directional receive beam; or the directional transmit beam beingdifferent from the directional receive beam; or the directional transmitbeam partially overlapping the directional receive beam.

The relationship between the directional transmit beam and thedirectional receive beam may be determined in various ways. For example,the relationship between the directional transmit beam and thedirectional receive beam may be determined in at least one of thefollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a base stationand a UE; indication through physical layer downlink control information(DCI) signaling; or configuration through higher-layer radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling.

Alternatively, when the transmission device performs transmissionaccording to the directional mode, the step of performing the LBTmechanism before performing the transmission according to thedirectional mode includes: determining signal energy received by thetransmission device in a directional beam; comparing the signal energyreceived in the directional beam with a predetermined threshold value;and determining, based on the comparison result, a busy/idle state of achannel in the directional beam.

The signal energy received by the transmission device in the directionalbeam may be determined in one of the following manners.

(1) Signal energy received by the transmission device in a beam range isequal to a norm of a value, where the value is a product of abeamforming weight of the transmission device and a sum of signalsreceived in the beam range by the transmission device from surroundingdevices.

(2) The signal energy received by the transmission device in the beamrange is equal to a norm of a value, where the value is an accumulatedsum of the signals received by the transmission device in the beam rangefrom all of the surrounding devices.

(3) The signal energy received by the transmission device in the beamrange is equal to:∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥ or ∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . .V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥V denotes the beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote achannel matrix between the transmission device and one of thesurrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signalvector of one of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, *denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the numberof the surrounding devices of the transmission device, H_(i)*X_(i)denotes a signal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by the i-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the beamrange.

(4) The signal energy received by the transmission device in the beamrange is equal to an accumulated sum of signal energy received from allof the surrounding devices by the transmission device in the beam range.

(5) The signal energy received by the transmission device in the beamrange is equal to ∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥. V denotesthe beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote a channelmatrix between the transmission device and one of the surroundingdevices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmit signal vector ofone of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, * denotes aproduct operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n is the number of thesurrounding devices of the transmission device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes thesignal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by thei-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device in thebeam range.

The step of determining the busy/idle state of the channel in thedirectional beam includes: upon the signal energy received in thedirectional beam being not greater than the predetermined thresholdvalue, determining that the channel in the directional beam is idle; orupon the signal energy received in the directional beam being greaterthan the predetermined threshold value, determining that the channel inthe directional beam is busy.

Optionally, when the transmission device performs transmission by usinga plurality of directional beams, the transmission device determines,according to signal energy received in each of the plurality ofdirectional beams, busy/idle states of channels on the plurality ofdirectional beams or busy/idle states of channels in a beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams.

Optionally, the step of determining, according to the signal energyreceived in the each of the plurality of directional beams, thebusy/idle states of the channels on the plurality of directional beamsor the busy/idle states of the channels in the beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams includes: if the LBT is successfullyperformed on at least one of the plurality of directional beams,considering that the plurality of directional beams are available orthat the channels are idle, and performing transmission only on thedirectional beam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if theLBT is successfully performed on all of the plurality of directionalbeams, considering that the plurality of directional beams are availableor that the channels are idle; or if the LBT fails on at least one ofthe plurality of directional beams, considering that the plurality ofdirectional beams are not available or that the channels are busy; or ifthe number of directional beams, among the plurality of directionalbeams, on which the LBT is successfully performed reaches apredetermined threshold value, considering that the plurality ofdirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle, andperforming transmission only the directional beam on which the LBT issuccessfully performed; or if the number of directional beams, among theplurality of directional beams, on which the LBT fails reaches apredetermined threshold value, considering that the plurality ofdirectional beams are not available or that the channels are busy.

Optionally, when the transmission device performs transmission by usinga plurality of directional beams, the transmission device determines,according to a sum of signal energies received in the plurality ofdirectional beams, busy/idle states of channels on the plurality ofdirectional beams or busy/idle states of channels in a beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams.

The plurality of directional beams may belong to the same antennaelement or antenna port or different antenna elements or antenna ports,which are separately described below.

When the plurality of directional beams belong to the same antennaelement or antenna port, a method for calculating signal energy receivedin the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams includesone of the following. (1) Signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to an accumulatedsum of signal energy received by the transmission device in a firstbeam, signal energy received by the transmission device in a secondbeam, . . . and signal energy received by the transmission device in anm-th beam. (2) The signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥,where V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁,H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between thetransmission device and the surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n)each denote the transmit signal vector of the surrounding device of thetransmission device, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, n is the number of surrounding devices of thetransmission device, m is the number of directional beams transmitted bythe transmission device, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device,V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding deviceand received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, andV^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by thesurrounding devices and received in the i-th beam. (3) The signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to a norm of a value, where the value is the accumulated sum ofthe signal energy received by the transmission device in the first beam,the signal energy received by the transmission device in the secondbeam, . . . and the signal energy received by the transmission device inthe m-th beam. (4) the signal energy received in the beam region formedby the plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . .. , H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the transmission deviceand the surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote thetransmit signal vector of the surrounding device of the transmissiondevice, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m isthe number of directional beams transmitted by the transmission device,H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in an i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices andreceived in the i-th beam.

When the plurality of directional beams belong to different antennaelements or antenna ports, a method for calculating signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsmay include one of the following. (1) Signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to anaccumulated sum of signal energy received by the reception device in afirst beam, signal energy received by the reception device in a secondbeam, . . . and signal energy received by the reception device in them-th beam. (2) The signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(m)*X_(n))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thetransmission device and one of the n surrounding devices on the i-thbeam, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector ofthe surrounding device of the transmission device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j)denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by thej-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device in thei-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))denotes signals sent by n surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))∥ denotes signal energies received bythe transmission device in the i-th beam range from n surroundingdevices, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator,n is the number of surrounding devices of the transmission device, m isthe number of beams. (3) Signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to a norm of theaccumulated sum of the signal energy received by the transmission devicein the first beam, the signal energy received by the transmission devicein the second beam, . . . and the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the m-th beam. (4) The signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ²*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(m)*X_(n))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix on the i-th beambetween the transmission device and one of the n surrounding devices,X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmit signal vector of thesurrounding device of the transmission device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotesa signal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by thej-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device in thei-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))denotes signals sent by n surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, * denotes the productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number of surroundingdevices of the transmission device, m is the number of beams. (5) Thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to an accumulated sum of signal energies sentby n1 surrounding devices and received by the transmission device in thefirst beam, signal energies sent by n2 surrounding devices and receivedby the transmission device in the second beam, . . . and signal energiessent by nn surrounding devices and received by the transmission devicein the m-th beam. (6) The signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥.V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrix between thetransmission device and one of the nj surrounding devices on the i-thbeam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denotes the transmit signalvectors of the nj surrounding devices of the transmission device on thei-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by a nj-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(nj)^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote a signal sent by the nj-th surrounding deviceand received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range,V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i))denotes signals sent by the nj surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i))∥ denotes signal energysent by the nj surrounding devices and received by the transmissiondevice in the i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥denotes the norm operator, nj is the number of the surrounding devicesof the transmission device, m is the number of beams. (7) The signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signalssent by the n1 surrounding devices and received by the transmissiondevice in the first beam, signals sent by the n2 surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the second beam, . . . andsignals sent by the nn surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the m-th beam. (8) The signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m)denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj)^(i) each denote the channel matrix between the transmission device andone of the nj surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), .. . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectors of the njsurrounding devices of the transmission device on the i-th beam, H_(nj)^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by a nj-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)denotes a signal sent by the nj-th surrounding device and received bythe transmission device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signalssent by the nj surrounding devices and received by the transmissiondevice in the i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥denotes the norm operator, nj is the number of the surrounding devicesof the transmission device, m is the number of beams. (9) The signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signalssent by the n surrounding devices and received by the transmissiondevice in the first beam, signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the second beam, . . . andsignals sent by the n surrounding devices and received by thetransmission device in the m-th beam. (10) The signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂²+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂^(m)+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denotebeamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i)each denote the channel matrix between the transmission device and oneof the surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . ,X_(n) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectors of the surrounding devicesof the transmission device on the i-th beam, * denotes the productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number of surroundingdevices of the transmission device, m is the number of beams, i is apositive integer within [1, m], H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice on the i-th beam, and V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) is the signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in the i-th beam range.

The beamforming weight may include: a transmit beamforming weight of thetransmission device; or a receive beamforming weight of the transmissiondevice.

Optionally, the transmit beamforming weight and/or the receivebeamforming weight may be determined in one of following manners: thetransmit beamforming weight and/or the receive beamforming weight arepredefined; the transmit beamforming weight and/or the receivebeamforming weight are configuration by a base station; the transmitbeamforming weight and/or the receive beamforming weight areconfiguration by a user equipment (UE); the transmit beamforming weightand/or the receive beamforming weight are pre-agreed by the base stationand the UE; the transmit beamforming weight and/or the receivebeamforming weight are indicated through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling; or the transmit beamforming weight and/orthe receive beamforming weight are determined by means of performingsingular value decomposition (SVD) on a channel matrix H between atransmitting device and the reception device.

Optionally, when the transmission device performs transmission by usinga plurality of directional beams, the transmission device determineschannel conditions of the plurality of directional beams according tosignal energy received in a beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Optionally, the signal energy received in the beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams is calculated as follows. The signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to a norm of a product of a sum of signalsreceived from surrounding devices of the transmission device and abeamforming weight formed by the plurality of directional beams.

The busy/idle state of channel is determined in the following manner.Upon the signal energy received in a beam coverage range formed by theplurality of directional beams being not greater than a predeterminedthreshold value, determining that the channel in the beam formed by theplurality of directional beams is idle or that the channel in theplurality of directional beams is idle. Alternatively, upon the signalenergy received in the beam coverage range formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being greater than the predetermined threshold value,determining that the channel in the beam formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is busy or that the channel in the plurality ofdirectional beams is busy.

Optionally, when the channel is detected to be busy, the transmissiondevice performs an LBT detection on a finer directional beam in thedirectional beam on which the LBT fails to be performed; or performs theLBT detection on directional beam other than the directional beam onwhich the LBT fails.

Optionally, in the case where the transmission device performs the LBTmechanism on a plurality of directional beams: the transmission deviceperforms Cat2 LBT simultaneously on the plurality of directional beams;or the transmission device performs Cat4 LBT on a main directional beamof the plurality of directional beams, and when the LBT process is aboutto be completed, starts performing the Cat2 LBT on other directionalbeams; or the transmission device performs the Cat4 LBT on the pluralityof directional beams.

Optionally, the main directional beam of the plurality of directionalbeams may be determined in various manners, for example, the maindirectional beam is determined by a base station, or the maindirectional beam is determined by a user equipment (UE), or the maindirectional beam is determined by the base station and the UE, the maindirectional beam is predefined, the main directional beam is indicatedthrough physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, orthe main directional beam is indicated through higher-layer radioresource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, when the Cat4 LBT is performed on the plurality ofdirectional beams, random backoff values N are respectively generatedfor the plurality of directional beams; or the same random backoff valueN is used for all of the plurality of directional beams.

Optionally, a Cat2 LBT mechanism is performed on a directional beam orCat2 LBT having a shorter detection duration is used in a beam group, achannel occupancy time, or a transmission period. Alternatively, theCat2 LBT mechanism, a Cat4 LBT mechanism, Cat4 LBT corresponding to apredetermined priority level, or Cat3 LBT is performed on a directionalbeam outside the beam group, the channel occupancy time, or thetransmission period. Alternatively, the Cat4 LBT mechanism, the Cat4 LBTcorresponding to the predetermined priority level, or the Cat3 LBT isperformed on a directional beam in an initial beam group, or on thedirectional beam in the channel occupancy time, or the transmissionperiod.

Optionally, the predetermined priority level or the LBT mechanism usedfor the directional beam may also be determined in one of followingmanners. The predetermined priority level or the LBT mechanism ispre-agreed by a base station and a user equipment (UE). Thepredetermined priority level or the LBT mechanism is predefined. Thepredetermined priority level or the LBT mechanism is indicated throughphysical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling by the basestation. The predetermined priority level or the LBT mechanism isindicated through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

A same LBT mechanism or different LBT mechanisms may be performed ondirectional beams in different beam groups or different channeloccupancy times or different transmission periods.

Optionally, the predefined information may include at least one of: atransmission mode, indication signaling, an information type, framestructure information, a beam identifier (ID), a beamforming weight, abeam type, a beam pattern, a threshold value, an LBT mechanismindication, a time domain resource, a corresponding relationship betweenthe time domain resource and a beam, a frequency domain resource, afrequency domain hopping manner, a channel reciprocity indication, data,a beam switching indication, or a transmission mode switchingindication.

Optionally, the indication signaling may include at least one of:physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, orhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, the information type may include at least one of: controlinformation, data, a reference signal, or a traffic type.

Optionally, the beam type may include: a single-beam type and amulti-beam type.

Optionally, the predefined information may be determined in at least oneof following manners. The predefined information is predefined. Thepredefined information is pre-agreed between a base station and a userequipment (UE). The predefined information is indicated through physicallayer downlink control information (DCI) signaling. The predefinedinformation is configured through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Optionally, there may be multiple non-LBT predetermined processes, forexample, the non-LBT predetermined process includes one of thefollowing: performing directional beam randomization; processing usingdirectional beam pattern; processing using frequency domain hopping; orprocessing using semi-statically configured directional beam.

The step of performing the directional beam randomization, processingusing the directional beam pattern, or processing using spectrumfrequency hopping includes: determining a transmission beam, atransmission beam pattern, or a frequency domain hopping positionaccording to a fixed rule; or determining the transmission beam, thetransmission beam pattern, or the frequency domain hopping position in arandom manner.

Optionally, the step of determining the transmission beam, thetransmission beam pattern, or the frequency domain hopping positionaccording to the fixed rule includes: determining the transmission beamaccording to beam indexes a decreasing order of beam index; ordetermining the transmission beam pattern according to a decreasingorder of beam pattern index; or determining the frequency domain hoppingposition according to a decreasing order of frequency domain positionindex; or determining the transmission beam according to an increasingorder of beam index; or determining the transmission beam patternaccording to an increasing order of beam pattern index; or determiningthe frequency domain hopping position according to an increasing orderof frequency domain position; or determining the transmission beamaccording to at least one of beams with even indexes/beams with oddindexes; or determining the transmission beam pattern according to atleast one of beam patterns with even indexes/beam patterns with oddindexes; or determining the frequency domain hopping position accordingto at least one of frequency domain positions with evenindexes/frequency domain positions with odd indexes; or determining thetransmission beam according to beams with even indexes and an increasingorder or a decreasing order or according to beams with odd indexes andin the increasing order or the decreasing order; or determining thetransmission beam pattern according to beam patterns with even indexesand an increasing order or a decreasing order or according to beampatterns with odd indexes and in the increasing order or the decreasingorder; or determining the frequency domain hopping position according tofrequency domain positions with even indexes and an increasing order ora decreasing order or according to frequency domain positions with oddindexes and in the increasing order or the decreasing order; ordetermining, from a plurality of beams, a beam as the transmission beam,where the index of the beam in the plurality of beams modulo an offsetis equal to M; or determining, from a plurality of beam patterns, a beampattern as the transmission beam pattern, where the index of the beampattern in the plurality of beam patterns modulo an offset is equal toM; or determining a spectrum resource whose frequency domain indexmodulo an offset being equal to M as the frequency domain hoppingposition; or indicating, through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern, afrequency domain index in a frequency domain resource, the offset in thebeam, an offset in a beam pattern set, or an offset in the frequencydomain resource used by the transmission device; or indicating, throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the beam index, thebeam pattern, the frequency domain index in the frequency domainresource, the offset in the beam, the offset in the beam pattern set, orthe offset in the frequency domain resource used by the transmissiondevice.

Optionally, the step of indicating, through the physical layer DCIsignaling or the higher-layer RRC signaling, the transmission beam, thebeam pattern or the frequency domain hopping position includes:determining the transmission beam, the beam pattern or the frequencydomain hopping position through a value corresponding to a number ofbits of bit information; determining the transmission beam, the beampattern or the frequency domain hopping position through a bitmap; ordetermining the transmission beam, the beam pattern or the frequencydomain hopping position through a beam indication field or a frequencyhopping indication field.

Optionally, the fixed rule, the offset or M is determined in one offollowing manners. The fixed rule, the offset or M is predefined. Thefixed rule, the offset or M is pre-agreed between a base station and auser equipment (UE). The fixed rule, the offset or M is indicatedthrough the physical layer DCI signaling. The fixed rule, the offset orM is configured through the higher-layer RRC signaling.

Optionally, the step of determining the transmission beam, thetransmission beam pattern, or the frequency domain hopping position inthe random manner includes: generating a positive integer between [1, p]or [0, p−1] in a manner of a random sequence or in a manner of a randomfunction. p is the number of beams or the number of frequency domainresources. The random function includes: a uniform distributionfunction; a binomial distribution function; or a normal distributionfunction.

Optionally, the fixed rule and/or the random manner may be determined inone of following manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a basestation and a user equipment (UE); indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling; or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, the step of processing using the semi-statically configureddirectional beam may include: in a predetermined period, measuring aconfigured directional beam or a beam in a directional beam set, anddetermining, based on measurement information, whether to perform adirectional beam switching operation.

Optionally, a criterion for determining directional beam switchingincludes: performing the directional beam switching operation when aload, an interference value, or an information transmission errorprobability on a current transmission beam in the predetermined periodis measured to be greater than a predetermined threshold value; or notperforming the directional beam switching operation when the load, theinterference value, or the information transmission error probability onthe current transmission beam in the predetermined period is measured tobe not greater than the predetermined threshold value.

Optionally, Cat2 LBT, or Cat2 LBT having a shorter detection duration,or Cat4 LBT corresponding to a predetermined priority level, isperformed on a beam having a larger load, interference value, orinformation transmission error probability.

Optionally, the predetermined priority level is determined through atleast one of: a traffic type; indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; predefinition; different signals;different channels; or different beams.

Optionally, a channel occupation duration of a beam having a smallerload, a smaller interference value, or a smaller informationtransmission error probability is adjusted.

Optionally, a measurement quantity to be measured may include: areceived signal strength indication (RSSI); reference signal receivingpower (RSRP); reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ); oracknowledgement (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedbackinformation.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a data reception method according to theembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the methodincludes the steps described below.

In S302, predefined information is obtained.

In S304, information reception processing is performed in anomnidirectional mode or a directional mode according to the predefinedinformation.

Through the above steps, the reception device performs reception andprocessing on information items separately according to differentoperations of the omnidirectional mode or the directional mode, therebyeffectively improving the processing efficiency of the information.

Optionally, whether the reception device performs a listen-before-talk(LBT) mechanism before performing information reception according to theomnidirectional mode or the directional mode may be determined in one offollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a sending deviceand a reception device; indication through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling; or indication through higher-layerradio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, before the reception device performs the informationreception processing according to the omnidirectional mode, thereception device performs the LBT mechanism or interference measurement;and performs predetermined processing based on the LBT result or theinterference measurement result.

The step of performing the predetermined processing based on the LBTresult or the interference measurement result may include: when the LBTfails or succeeds, reporting the LBT result to a transmission device ona transmitting side; when the LBT fails or succeeds, sending anindication signal to the transmission device on the transmitting side;or when the interference measurement result meets a predeterminedthreshold, reporting the interference measurement result to thetransmission device; or when the interference measurement result meetsthe predetermined threshold, sending an indication signal to thetransmission device.

Optionally, the step of performing the predetermined processing based onthe LBT result or the interference measurement result includes that:when the LBT fails, the reception device performs a reception modeswitching operation; or when the interference measurement result meets apredetermined threshold, the reception device performs the receptionmode switching operation; or when the LBT fails and a transmission modeswitching indication is enabled, the reception device performs thereception mode switching operation; or when the interference measurementresult meets the predetermined threshold and the transmission modeswitching indication is enabled, the reception device performs thereception mode switching operation.

Optionally, the reception mode switching operation performed by thereception device includes: switching from an omnidirectional receptionmode to a directional reception mode.

Optionally, the reception device determines to perform the receptionmode switching operation or acquire the transmission mode switchingindication in at least one of following manners: physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling indication; predefinition; receptionof indication information of the sending device; agreement between thesending device and the reception device; indication through higher-layerradio resource control (RRC) signaling; or event-based triggering.

Optionally, a directional beam to which the reception device switchesmay be determined in at least one of following manners: the directionalbeam is indicated through physical layer downlink control information(DCI) signaling; the directional beam is indicated through higher-layerradio resource control (RRC) signaling; the directional beam ispredefined; the directional beam is determined based on measurement; orthe directional beam is determined based on a signal to interferenceplus noise ratio (SINR).

Optionally, after switching from the omnidirectional reception mode tothe directional reception mode, the method may further include:performing the LBT mechanism on the switched-to beam.

Optionally, before the reception device performs reception according tothe directional mode, the method may further include: performing the LBTmechanism on the directional beam.

Optionally, the step of performing the LBT mechanism on the beamincludes one of: if the LBT is successfully performed on the beam,sending indication information to a transmission device; if the LBTfails on the beam, sending indication information to the transmissiondevice; and if the LBT fails on the beam, continuing to perform the LBTmechanism on the beam or switching to another beam for continuing toperform the LBT mechanism.

When reception processing is performed according to the directionalmode, the reception device may also perform similar operations describedbelow corresponding to the transmission by the transmission device.

The directional mode may include at least one of: a directional transmitbeam or a directional receive beam.

Optionally, for the reception device, a relationship between thedirectional transmit beam and the directional receive beam includes: thedirectional transmit beam being the same as the directional receivebeam; or the directional transmit beam being different from thedirectional receive beam; or the directional transmit beam partiallyoverlapping the directional receive beam.

Optionally, the relationship between the directional transmit beam andthe directional receive beam may also be determined in at least one ofthe following manners. The relationship is predefined. The relationshipis pre-agreed by a base station and a UE. The relationship is indicatedthrough physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling. Therelationship is configured through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.

Optionally, the step of performing the LBT mechanism on a beam mayinclude: determining signal energy received by the reception device inthe directional beam; comparing the signal energy received in thedirectional beam with a predetermined threshold value; and determining,based on the comparison result, a busy/idle state of a channel in thedirectional beam.

The step of determining the signal energy received by the receptiondevice in the directional beam may include: the signal energy receivedby the reception device in a beam range is equal to norm of a value,where the value is a product of a beamforming weight of the receptiondevice and a sum of signals received in the beam range by the receptiondevice from surrounding devices. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived by the reception device in the beam range is equal to a norm ofan accumulated sum of the signals received by the reception device inthe beam range from all of the surrounding devices. Alternatively, thesignal energy received by the reception device in the beam range isequal to ∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥ or ∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . .. V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥. V denotes the beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . ,H_(n) each denote a channel matrix between the reception device and oneof the surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmitsignal vector of one of the surrounding devices of the receptiondevice, * denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n isthe number of the surrounding devices of the reception device,H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by the i-th surrounding device andreceived by the reception device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signalsent by the i-th surrounding device and received by the reception devicein the beam range. Alternatively, the signal energy received by thereception device in the beam range is equal to an accumulated sum ofsignal energy received from all of the surrounding devices by thereception device in the beam range. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived by the reception device in the beam range is equal to∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥. V denotes the beamformingweight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote a channel matrix between thereception device and one of the surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . ,X_(n) each denote a transmit signal vector of one of the surroundingdevices of the reception device, * denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥denotes a norm operator, n is the number of the surrounding devices ofthe reception device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by the i-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device, andV*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by the i-th surrounding device andreceived by the reception device in the beam range.

Optionally, the busy/idle state of the channel in the directional beammay also be determined in the following manner. When the signal energyreceived in the directional beam is not greater than the predeterminedthreshold value, it is determined that the channel in the directionalbeam is idle; or when the signal energy received in the directional beamis greater than the predetermined threshold value, it is determined thatthe channel in the directional beam is busy.

When the reception device performs signal reception by using a pluralityof directional beams, the reception device determines, according tosignal energies received in the plurality of directional beams,busy/idle states of channels on the plurality of directional beams orbusy/idle states of channels in a beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams.

Optionally, the step of determining, according to the signal energiesreceived in the plurality of directional beams, the busy/idle states ofthe channels on the plurality of directional beams or the busy/idlestates of the channels in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams may include: if the LBT is successfully performed onat least one of the plurality of directional beams, determining that theplurality of directional beams are available or that the channels areidle, and performing the signal reception processing only on thedirectional beam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if theLBT is successfully performed on all of the plurality of directionalbeams, determining that the plurality of directional beams are availableor that the channels are idle; or if the LBT fails on at least one ofthe plurality of directional beams, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are not available or that the channels are busy; or ifthe number of directional beams, among the plurality of directionalbeams, on which the LBT is successfully performed reaches apredetermined threshold value, determining that the plurality ofdirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle, andperforming the signal reception processing only on the directional beamon which the LBT is successfully performed; or if the number ofdirectional beams, among the plurality of directional beams, on whichthe LBT fails reaches a predetermined threshold value, determining thatthe plurality of directional beams are not available or that thechannels are busy.

Optionally, when the reception device performs signal receptionprocessing by using a plurality of directional beams, the receptiondevice determines, according to a sum of signal energies received in theplurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of channels on theplurality of directional beams or busy/idle states of channels in thebeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Optionally, when the plurality of directional beams belong to the sameantenna array element or antenna port, the signal energy received in thebeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams may becalculated in one of the following manners. The signal energy receivedin the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams is equalto an accumulated sum of the signal energy received by the receptiondevice in a first beam, the signal energy received by the receptiondevice in a second beam, . . . and the signal energy received by thereception device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamsis equal to ∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . .. +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥, V¹,V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . . . ,H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the reception device andthe surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmitsignal vector of the surrounding device of the reception device, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of surrounding devices of the reception device, m is the numberof the directional beams used in the signal reception of the receptiondevice, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by a j-th surrounding deviceand received by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the reception devicein the i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices and received in the i-thbeam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to a norm of theaccumulated sum of the signal energy received by the reception device inthe first beam, the signal energy received by the reception device inthe second beam, . . . and the signal energy received by the receptiondevice in the m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams being equalto ∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V²,. . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁, H₂, . . . ,H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the reception device andthe surrounding device, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmitsignal vector of the surrounding device of the reception device, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of the surrounding devices of the reception device, m is thenumber of the directional beams used in the signal reception of thereception device, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device,V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding deviceand received by the reception device in the i-th beam range, andV^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by thesurrounding devices and received in the i-th beam.

Accordingly, the plurality of directional beams may belong to the sameantenna array element or antenna port or belong to different antennaarray elements or antenna ports, which are respectively described below.

When the plurality of directional beams belong to different antennaarray elements or antenna ports, the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is calculated in thefollowing manners. The signal energy received in the beam region formedby the plurality of directional beams is equal to an accumulated sum ofthe signal energy received by the reception device in a first beam, thesignal energy received by the reception device in a second beam, . . .and the signal energy received by the reception device in an m-th beam.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . .. +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . .∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . ., V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . ,H_(n) ^(i) each donate a channel matrix between the reception device andone of the n surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n)each denote the transmit signal vector of the surrounding device of thereception device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the reception device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by nsurrounding devices and received by the reception device in the i-thbeam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))∥denotes signal energies received by the reception device in the i-thbeam range from the n surrounding devices, * denotes the productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number of surroundingdevices of the reception device, m is the number of beams.Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams is equal to a norm of the accumulatedsum of the signal energy received by the reception device in the firstbeam, the signal energy received by the reception device in the secondbeam, . . . and the signal energy received by the reception device inthe m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)²*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(m)*X_(n))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of mbeams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) each denote a channel matrixon the i-th beam between the reception device and one of the nsurrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote the transmitsignal vector of the surrounding device of the reception device, H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes asignal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the receptiondevice in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the i-th beam range, * denotes theproduct operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number ofsurrounding devices of the reception device, m is the number of beams.The signal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to an accumulated sum of signal energies sentby n1 surrounding devices and received by the reception device in thefirst beam, signal energies sent by n2 surrounding devices and receivedby the reception device in the second beam, . . . and signal energiessent by nn surrounding devices and received by the reception device inthe m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ .. . +H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+. . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denotebeamforming weights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i)each denote the channel matrix between the reception device and one ofthe nj surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . ,X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectors of the nj surroundingdevices of the reception device on the i-th beam, X_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i) denote a signal sent by a nj-th surrounding device and received bythe reception device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote a signal sentby the nj-th surrounding device and received by the reception device inthe i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . .+H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denote signals sent by the nj surroundingdevices and received by the reception device in the i-th beam range,∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i))∥ denotes signal energy sent by the nj surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the i-th beam range, * denotes theproduct operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nj is the number of thesurrounding devices of the reception device, m is the number of thebeams. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to a norm of anaccumulated sum of signals sent by the n1 surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the first beam, signals sent by then2 surrounding devices and received by the reception device in thesecond beam, . . . and signals sent by the nn surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the m-th beam. Alternatively, thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1)¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn)^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams, H₁^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) denote the channel matrices betweenthe reception device and the nj surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectors ofthe nj surrounding devices of the reception device on the i-th beam,H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by a nj-th surroundingdevice and received by the reception device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i) denotes a signal sent by the nj-th surrounding device and receivedby the reception device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denote signalssent by the nj surrounding devices and received by the reception ndevice in the i-th beam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥denotes the norm operator, nj is the number of the surrounding devicesof the reception device, m is the number of the beams. Alternatively,the signal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams is equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signalssent by the n surrounding devices and received by the reception devicein the first beam, signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the reception device in the second beam, . . . and signalssent by the n surrounding devices and received by the reception devicein the m-th beam. Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . .+H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . .+H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥. V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamformingweights of m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) denote thechannel matrices between the reception device and the surroundingdevices on the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(n) ^(i) denotethe transmit signal vectors of the surrounding devices of the receptiondevice on the i-th beam, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, n is the number of the surrounding devices of thereception device, m is the number of the beams, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i)denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thereception device on the i-th beam, and V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) isthe signal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thereception device in the i-th beam range.

The beamforming weight may include: a transmit beamforming weight of thereception device; or a receive beamforming weight of the receptiondevice.

Optionally, the transmit beamforming weight and/or the receivebeamforming weight may be determined in one of following manners. Thetransmit beamforming weight and/or the receive beamforming weight ispredefined. The transmit beamforming weight and/or the receivebeamforming weight is configured by the base station. The transmitbeamforming weight and/or the receive beamforming weight is configuredby a UE. The transmit beamforming weight and/or the receive beamformingweight is pre-agreed by the base station and the UE. The transmitbeamforming weight and/or the receive beamforming weight is indicatedthrough physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling. Thetransmit beamforming weight and/or the receive beamforming weight isdetermined by means of performing singular value decomposition (SVD) ona channel matrix H between a transmitting device and the receptiondevice.

Accordingly, when the reception device performs signal receptionprocessing by using a plurality of directional beams, the receptiondevice determines channel conditions of the plurality of directionalbeams according to signal energy received in a beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams.

Accordingly, the signal energy received in the beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams may be calculated in the followingmanners. The signal energy received in the beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams is equal to a norm of a product of a sumof signals received from the surrounding devices of the reception deviceand a beamforming weight formed by the plurality of directional beams.

Accordingly, when the signal energy received in the beam coverage rangeformed by the plurality of directional beams is not greater than apredetermined threshold value, channels in the beam formed by theplurality of directional beams are determined to be idle or channels inthe plurality of directional beams are determined to be idle; or whenthe signal energy received in the beam coverage range formed by theplurality of directional beams is greater than the predeterminedthreshold value, the channels in the beam formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams are determined to be busy or the channels in theplurality of directional beams are determined to be busy.

Optionally, when the channels are detected to be busy, the receptiondevice performs an LBT detection on a finer directional beam in thedirectional beam where the LBT fails; or the reception device performsthe LBT detection on the directional beam other than the directionalbeams where the LBT fails.

Accordingly, when the reception device performs the LBT mechanism on aplurality of directional beams, the reception device performs Cat2 LBTsimultaneously on the plurality of directional beams; or the receptiondevice performs Cat4 LBT on a main directional beam of the plurality ofdirectional beams, and when the LBT process is about to be completed,starts performing the Cat2 LBT on other directional beams; or thereception device performs the Cat4 LBT on the plurality of directionalbeams.

Optionally, the main directional beam of the plurality of directionalbeams may be determined in one of following manners. The maindirectional beam is determined by a base station. The main directionalbeam is determined by a UE. The main directional beam is determined bythe base station and the UE. The main directional beam is predefined.The main directional beam is indicated through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling. The main directional beam isindicated through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, in the process of performing the Cat4 LBT on the pluralityof directional beams, random backoff values N are respectively generatedfor the plurality of directional beams; or the same random backoff valueN is used for the plurality of directional beams.

Optionally, a Cat2 LBT mechanism or Cat2 LBT having a shorter detectionduration is performed on a directional beam in a beam group, a sharedreception period, or a reception period. Alternatively, the Cat2 LBTmechanism, a Cat4 LBT mechanism, Cat4 LBT corresponding to apredetermined priority level, or Cat3 LBT is performed on a directionalbeam outside the beam group, the shared reception period, or thereception period. Alternatively, the Cat4 LBT mechanism, the Cat4 LBTcorresponding to the predetermined priority level, or the Cat3 LBT isperformed on a directional beam in an initial beam group, or on thedirectional beam in the shared reception period or the reception period.

Optionally, the predetermined priority level or an LBT mechanism usedfor the directional beam may be determined in one of following manners:pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);predefinition; indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling by the base station; or indication throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, a same LBT mechanism or different LBT mechanisms may beperformed on directional beams in different beam groups or differentshared reception periods or different reception periods.

Accordingly, the predefined information may also include at least oneof: a transmission mode, indication signaling, an information type,frame structure information, a beam identifier (ID), a beamformingweight, a beam type, a beam pattern, a threshold value, an LBT mechanismindication, a time domain resource, a corresponding relationship betweenthe time domain resource and a beam, a frequency domain resource, afrequency domain hopping manner, a channel reciprocity indication, data,a beam switching indication, or a transmission mode switchingindication.

Optionally, the indication signaling may include at least one of:physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, orhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, the information type may include at least one of: controlinformation, data, a reference signal, or a traffic type.

Optionally, the beam type may include: a single-beam type and amulti-beam type.

Optionally, the predefined information may be determined in at least oneof following manners: predefinition, pre-agreement between a basestation and a user equipment (UE), indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling, or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, before the reception device performs reception according tothe directional mode, the method may include: performing a predeterminednon-LBT processing operation.

Optionally, the step of performing the predetermined non-LBT processingoperation may include one of the following: performing directional beamrandomization; processing using directional beam pattern; or processingusing semi-statically configured directional beam.

Optionally, the step of performing directional beam randomization orprocessing using directional beam pattern includes: determining areceive beam or a receive beam pattern according to a fixed rule; ordetermining the receive beam or the receive beam pattern in a randommanner.

Optionally, the step of determining the receive beam or the receive beampattern according to the fixed rule may include: determining the receivebeam according to a decreasing order of beam index; or determining thereceive beam pattern according to a decreasing order of beam patternindex; or determining the receive beam according to an increasing orderof beam index; or determining the receive beam pattern according to anincreasing order of beam pattern index; or determining the receive beamaccording to at least one of beams with even indexes/beams with oddindexes; or determining the receive beam pattern according to at leastone of beam patterns with even indexes/beam patterns with odd indexes;or determining the receive beam according to beams with even indexes andan increasing order or a decreasing order, or according to beams withodd indexes and in the increasing order or the decreasing order; ordetermining the receive beam pattern according to beam patterns witheven indexes and an increasing order or a decreasing order, or accordingto beam patterns with odd indexes and in the increasing order or thedecreasing order; or determining, from a plurality of beams, a beam asthe receive beam, wherein the index of the beam in the plurality ofbeams modulo an offset is equal to M; or determining, from a pluralityof beam patterns, a beam pattern as the receive beam pattern, whereinthe index of the beam pattern in the plurality of beam patterns moduloan offset is equal to M; or indicating, through physical layer downlinkcontrol information (DCI) signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern,the offset in the beam, or an offset in a beam pattern set used by thereception device; or indicating, through higher-layer radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling, the beam index, the beam pattern, the offset inthe beam, or the offset in the beam pattern set used by the receptiondevice.

Optionally, the step of indicating the receive beam or the receive beampattern through the physical layer DCI signaling or the higher-layer RRCsignaling may include: determining the receive beam or the receive beampattern through a value corresponding to a number of bits of bitinformation; determining the receive beam or the receive beam patternthrough a bitmap; or determining the receive beam or the receive beampattern through a beam indication field.

Optionally, the fixed rule, the offset or M may be determined in one offollowing manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a base stationand a user equipment (UE); indication through the physical layer DCIsignaling; or configuration through the higher-layer RRC signaling.

Optionally, the step of determining the receive beam or the receive beampattern in the random manner may include: generating a positive integerbetween [1, p] or [0, p−1] in a manner of a random sequence or in amanner of a random function; where p is the number of beams.

Optionally, the random function may include: a uniform distributionfunction; a binomial distribution function; or a normal distributionfunction.

Optionally, the fixed rule and/or the random manner may be determined inone of following manners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a basestation and a user equipment (UE); indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling; or configuration throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

Optionally, the step of processing using semi-statically configureddirectional beam includes: in a predetermined period, measuring theconfigured directional beam or a beam in a directional beam set, anddetermining, based on measurement information, whether to perform adirectional beam switching operation.

Optionally, a criterion for determining directional beam switchingincludes: performing the directional beam switching operation when aload, an interference value, or an information transmission errorprobability on a current receive beam in the predetermined period ismeasured to be greater than a predetermined threshold value; or notperforming the directional beam switching operation when the load, theinterference value, or the information transmission error probability onthe current transmission beam in the predetermined period is measured tobe not greater than the predetermined threshold value.

Optionally, Cat2 LBT, or Cat2 LBT having a shorter detection duration,or Cat4 LBT corresponding to a predetermined priority level, isperformed on a beam having a larger load, interference value, orinformation transmission error probability.

Optionally, the predetermined priority level may be determined throughone of the following manners. The predetermined priority level isdetermined according to the traffic type. The predetermined prioritylevel is determined according to indication through physical layerdownlink control information (DCI) signaling. The predetermined prioritylevel is predefined. The predetermined priority level is determinedaccording to different signals, and/or different channels, and/ordifferent beams.

Optionally, a channel occupation duration of a beam having a smallerload, interference value, or information transmission error probabilityis adjusted.

Optionally, a measurement quantity to be measured may include: areceived signal strength indication (RSSI); reference signal receivingpower (RSRP); reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ); oracknowledgement (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedbackinformation.

The above embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to theunlicensed spectrum in the high-frequency scenario in the NR, and mayalso be used for shared spectrum or licensed spectrum. The NR has threetypical scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB); massive machinetype communication (mMTC), such as narrow band Internet of Things(NB-IOT); and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), such asshort transmission time interval (short TTI).

Implementation modes of the present disclosure will be described basedon the above embodiments and implementation modes.

In high-frequency scenarios, two beam modes exist: a single-beam and amulti-beam. For the NR system operating in the high-frequency band andexpected to be a multi-beam system, which has large path loss and largepenetration loss, the NR system will use multiple narrow beams toachieve cell coverage. For the single-beam, the signal transmission mayfail on a single-beam, or the transmission may fail due to an LBTfailure, so multiple single-beams may be used for transmission.

For low-frequency communication scenarios, the reception end and/or thetransmitting end receives or sends signals in an omnidirectional manner.Based on this, the energy-based LBT mechanism is to detect anaccumulated sum of signal energies within a certain range(omnidirectional) around the device, so as to determine whether thecurrent channel is idle or the interference condition around the device.

For high-frequency communication scenarios, beamforming is one of thekey technologies. For a high-frequency communication receiver, thehigh-frequency carrier has a small wavelength, so a large number ofantenna ports may be concentrated in a small area to increase the gainof beamforming. When both the sending end and the receiving end areconfigured with beamforming antennas, beamforming may significantlyexpand the coverage range of the intra-frequency communication andeffectively compress the interference between the high-frequency nodes.In addition, in the high-frequency scenario, after the receiving endreceives information sent by the sending end, the information needs tobe multiplied by a weighted value so as to obtain reception informationor signal energy in the beam. Based on this, if the energy-based LBTmechanism is used in the high-frequency scenario to determine whetherthe current channel is available or determine the interferencecondition, the method for calculating the detection energy in therelevant low-frequency scenario needs to be modified. For example, thedetected signal needs to be multiplied by the weighted value, the energyvalue is a norm of the product, and then the energy value is comparedwith the threshold value to determine whether the current channel isavailable/idle, or determine the magnitude of the interference caused byits signal transmission to the surrounding nodes and/or whether theinterference is within the allowable range, so as to determine whethertransmission is possible, thereby ensuring fairness coexistence betweensystems.

When the device detects the surrounding signal energy, the signal energymay be calculated in two methods. One method to calculate is the signalenergies received from the homogeneous system and heterogeneous system.The other method to calculate the received signal energies excludingsignal energies received from the homogeneous system.

The threshold value involved in the embodiment of the present disclosuremay be obtained through at least one of the following: predefinition,configuration through physical layer DCI signaling, configurationthrough higher-layer RRC signaling, agreement between the base stationand the UE, or a combination thereof.

The physical layer DCI signaling include at least one of: DCI format 0,DCI format 0A, DCI format 0B, DCI format 1, DCI format 1A, DCI format1B, DCI format 1C, DCI format 1D, DCI format 2, DCI format 2A, DCIformat 2B, DCI format 2C, DCI format 2D, DCI format 3, DCI format 3A,DCI format 4, DCI format 4A, or DCI format 4B.

The transmission device in the embodiment of the present disclosure maybe a base station, a transmission point (TRP), or a UE.

The transmission device in the embodiment of the present disclosureperforms the LBT mechanism or performs the predetermined non-LBTprocessing operation before performing information transmission, whichis also applicable to the reception side device, that is, the receptiondevice may optionally perform the LBT mechanism or perform thepredetermined non-LBT processing operation before receiving theinformation sent by the transmitting side device. Optionally, whetherthe transmitting side device and/or the reception side performs the LBTmechanism and/or the predetermined non-LBT processing operation and/orno LBT operation (which may indicate direct transmission or receptionwithout any operation), and/or the operation of switching from theomnidirectional antenna reception mode to the directional antenna beamreception mode on the reception side, and/or the operation of switchingfrom the omnidirectional antenna transmission mode to the directionalantenna beam transmission on the transmitting side, and/or the beamswitching may be determined in one of the following manners:predefinition, pre-agreement between the base station and the UE,notification by the base station to the UE through the physical layerDCI signaling, indication through the physical layer DCI signaling, orindication through the higher-layer RRC signaling.

For a transmission device, a relationship between the transmit beam andthe receive beam includes: the transmit beam being the same as thereceive beam; or the transmit beam being completely different from thereceive beam; or the transmit beam partially overlapping the receivebeam.

The LBT mechanism in the embodiment of the present disclosure can avoidor reduce the interference of the its own transmission to thesurrounding devices, ensure the fairness of the channel contentionaccess between the systems operating on the unlicensed spectrum, andachieve friendly and fair coexistence. Based on this, for the beam-basedLBT mechanism, the interference caused by transmission on the beam to asurrounding device is equivalent to the interference generated in thebeam when the surrounding device performs transmission, so that theprinciple of the energy detection in the LBT mechanism can beinterpreted or can be equivalent to the principle of energy detection inthe omnidirectional LBT. From this perspective, the signal energy in thetransmit beam should be detected, or the signal energy in the receivebeam is detected. In this case, when the transmit beam is different fromthe receive beam, the channel busy/idle condition detected based on thereceive beam does not actually reflect the channel busy/idle conditionon the transmit beam.

The finer directional beam described above refers to a beam narrowerthan the beam on which the LBT fails. The beam on which the LBT fails isa wide beam, the finer directional beam is a narrow beam, and thecoverage range of the narrow beam is in the range of the wide beam. Thecoverage range and/or direction of the narrow beam or the coverage rangeand/or direction of the wide beam may be determined in at least one offollowing manners: determination by a base station, determination by auser equipment (UE), determination by the base station and the UE,predefinition, indication through physical layer DCI signaling, orindication through higher-layer RRC signaling.

The expression that the LBT process is about to be completed is that theLBT process parameter N (such as, the random backoff value N describedabove) is decremented to a predetermined value. The predetermined valuedescribed above may be determined in at least one of the followingmanners: indication through physical layer DCI signaling, indicationthrough higher-layer RRC signaling, or predefinition.

The Cat2 LBT having a shorter detection duration refers to a Cat 2 LBTmechanism having a detection duration b shorter than a detectionduration a.

Implementation Mode 1

The implementation mode provides the LBT mechanism used by thetransmission device in the high-frequency scenario which performsinformation transmission and/or reception in the omnidirectional mode.

In the low-frequency scenario, the transmission device performsinformation transmission and/or reception in the omnidirectional mode.In a case of using the unlicensed spectrum at the low frequency, thetransmission device needs to perform the omnidirectional ED-based LBTmechanism before the transmission in order to meet the regulatoryrequirements on the unlicensed spectrum. For the omnidirectionalED-based LBT mechanism, the signal energy detected by the transmissiondevice is equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signals sent bysurrounding devices and received by the transmission device within thecoverage range. That is, the signal energy detected by the transmissiondevice is an accumulated sum of signal energies sent by the surroundingdevices received by the transmission device within the coverage range.

Optionally, the criterion for determining whether the channel is idle isas follows.

If the signal energy received by the transmission device within thecoverage range is not greater than a preset threshold value, the channelis considered to be idle, or transmission may be performed.

Alternatively, if the signal energy received by the transmission devicewithin the coverage range is greater than the preset threshold value,the channel is considered to be busy, or transmission cannot beperformed.

Whether the transmission device performs transmission in theomnidirectional mode or in the directional mode, and/or whether toperform LBT, and/or whether to perform omnidirectional LBT ordirectional LBT may be predefined, or pre-agreed between the basestation and the UE, or indicated through the physical layer DCIsignaling, or indicated through the higher-layer RRC signaling. If thephysical layer DCI signaling indication or the higher-layer RRCsignaling indication is used, a transmission mode information element(IE) item is added to the DCI signaling or the higher-layer RRCsignaling for indicating a use of the directional mode or theomnidirectional mode, and/or an LBT indication IE item and/or an LBTmanner IE item are added. For example, the LBT indication IE itemincludes performing LBT and performing the omnidirectional LBT; and/orperforming LBT and performing beam-based LBT; and/or not performing LBT;and/or performing LBT. The LBT manner IE item includes: omnidirectionalLBT based and beam-based LBT.

The preset threshold value may be predefined, or agreed between the basestation and the UE, or indicated through the physical layer DCIsignaling, or indicated through the higher-layer RRC signaling.

The LBT mechanism used for information transmission and reception in theomnidirectional mode in the high-frequency scenario is described belowwith examples.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an omnidirectional ED-based LBT. Asshown in FIG. 4, a base station 2 is in the coverage range of a basestation 1 and the base station 2 sends information to a UE 2. When thebase station 1 performs the omnidirectional ED-based LBT, the basestation 1 detects signal energy sent by the base station 2 within thecoverage range of the base station 1. If the detected signal energy isgreater than the preset threshold value, the base station 1 determinesthe channel is busy, and does not send the information to the UE1. Forlow-frequency scenarios, such an omnidirectional ED-based LBT mechanismcan effectively ensure the channel access fairness between transmissiondevices and reduce to some extent the probability of collision andconflict between transmission devices.

However, for high-frequency scenarios, due to the large path loss on theuplink/downlink, a directional beam transmission manner needs to be usedin the uplink/downlink so that the signal energy is concentrated in onebeam range to compensate for the large path loss, and theomnidirectional reception and/or transmission manner cannot be used.Based on this, the LBT scheme for transmission in the beam manner in thehigh-frequency scenario is described in detail in the followingimplementation modes.

Implementation Mode 2

The present implementation mode provides an LBT mechanism used in a highfrequency scenario in which a transmission device performs transmissionin an omnidirectional mode and another transmission device performstransmission in a directional mode.

In the high-frequency scenario, the transmission device may transmitand/or receive information in the omnidirectional mode and/or thedirectional mode. Similarly, if the unlicensed spectrum is used in thehigh-frequency scenario, the transmission device needs to perform theLBT mechanism before transmission.

In the case where some transmission devices perform transmission in theomnidirectional mode, while some transmission devices performtransmission in the directional mode in a high frequency scenario, whenthe transmission device performs the LBT mechanism, using the ED-basedLBT mechanism (which may also be referred to as the omnidirectionalenergy-based LBT mechanism) proposed by the LAA in the Rel-13 and Rel-14may cause that a channel detection result is inaccurate.

The above case is described with the downlink as an example. As shown inFIG. 5, the base station 1 performs transmission in the omnidirectionalmode and the base station 2 performs transmission in the directionalmode. The solid circle denotes the coverage range of the base station 1,and the dotted line denotes the area covered by the base station 2. Thebase station 1 and the base station 2 are within the coverage range ofeach other.

As shown in FIG. 5, the base station 1 transmits information to the UE1in the omnidirectional mode. Before the base station 1 performstransmission to the UE1, the base station 1 performs the omnidirectionalED-based LBT mechanism for a clear channel assessment (CCA) detection(the CCA detection is also referred to as an LBT mechanism). When thechannel is detected to be idle through the CCA detection, the basestation 1 performs transmission to the UE1.

The base station 2 performs transmission to the UE2 in the directionalmode. As shown in FIG. 5, the base station 1 has already occupied thechannel and is performing transmission to the UE1. At this time, if thebase station 2 performs the LBT mechanism (i.e., the omnidirectionalED-based LBT mechanism) for the LAA and performs the CCA detection, thebase station 2 detects that the base station 1 that is sending a signalis within the coverage range, and thus determines that the currentchannel is busy and does not transmit information to the UE2.

Actually the base station 2 performs transmission in the directionalbeam mode. In some extent, the omnidirectional CCA detection methodcannot reflect the channel idle condition in transmission using thedirectional beam mode. Based on this, a beam-based ED-LBT mechanismneeds to be studied.

For example, the base station 2 only detects the signal energy receivedin the range of the transmit beam. As shown in FIG. 5, the base station2 can also receive, in the range of the transmit beam, information sentby the base station 1, while actually the energy of the signaltransmission of the base station 1 distributed in the range of thetransmit beam of the base station 2 is not greater than a presetthreshold value, so the base station 2 can transmit information to theUE2. The signal energy from the base station 1 to the transmit beamrange of the base station 2 may be calculated in the following manners.The beamforming weight used in the signal transmission of the basestation 2 is multiplied by the signal received by the base station 2from the base station 1, and the product is subjected to a normoperation, and thus the signal energy is ∥V*H12*X1∥, where V denotes thetransmit beamforming weight of the base station 2, H12 denotes a channelmatrix between the base station 1 and the base station 2, X1 denotesinformation sent by the base station 1, H12*X1 denotes a signal (i.e.,an interference signal) received by the base station 2 from thesurrounding base station 1, and V*H12*X1 denotes a signal (i.e., aninterference signal) received by the base station 2 in the range of thesend beam from the surrounding base station 1.

From the case where there is one interference device around the basestation 2 to the case where there are multiple interference devicesaround the base station 2, the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the range of the transmit beam is a norm of aproduct of the transmit beamforming weight of the transmission deviceand a sum of the received signals sent from the surrounding devices.Alternatively, the signal energy received by the transmission device ina directional beam is ∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥. V denotesthe beamforming weight of the transmitting device, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n)each denote a channel matrix between the transmission device and one ofthe surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) each denote a transmitsignal vector of one of the surrounding devices of the transmissiondevice, * denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator, n isthe number of the surrounding devices of the transmission device.

The beamforming weight of the transmitting device may be predefined, ornotified by the base station to the UE through the physical layer DCIsignaling, or notified by the base station to the surrounding device viathe X2 air interface, or notified by the UE to the surrounding UEthrough Internet of Things signaling, or configured through higher-layerRRC signaling, or obtained by performing SVD decomposition on thechannel matrix H between the transmitting device and the receptiondevice.

It is assumed that the uplink and downlink channels have certain uplinkand downlink channel reciprocity. In addition, it is assumed that astate of a channel between the transmitting end and the reception end isknown in advance. The channel matrix H is subjected to SVDdecomposition: H=UΣV^(H) to obtain the precoding matrix/vector V of thetransmitting end and the matrix/vector U of the reception end, or obtainthe transmit beamforming weight and the receive beamforming weight.

Optionally, a criterion for determining whether the LBT mechanism basedon the directional beam is successful or whether the channel is idle isas follows.

If the signal energy received by the transmission device within the beamrange is not greater than a preset threshold value, the channel isconsidered to be idle, or transmission can be performed.

Alternatively, if the signal energy received by the transmission devicewithin the beam range is greater than the preset threshold value, thechannel is considered to be busy, or transmission cannot be performed.

The CCA detection threshold used by the omnidirectional LBT mechanismmay be the same as the CCA detection threshold used by the directionalLBT mechanism, or be different from the CCA detection threshold used bythe directional LBT mechanism. The threshold may be predefined, oragreed between the base station and the UE, or indicated through thephysical layer DCI signaling, or indicated through the higher-layer RRCsignaling.

When the CCA detection threshold used by the omnidirectional LBTmechanism is different from the CCA detection threshold used by thedirectional LBT mechanism, the CCA detection threshold values fordifferent scenarios may be indicated in a predefined manner, or throughphysical layer DCI signaling or higher-layer RRC signaling, or by addinga CCA threshold indication IE item to the physical layer DCI signalingor the higher-layer RRC signaling.

Implementation Mode 3

In the implementation mode, provided is an LBT mechanism used in a highfrequency scenario in which some transmission devices performtransmission in the omnidirectional mode and some transmission devicesperform transmission in the directional mode. The difference between theimplementation mode 3 and the implementation mode 2 is that the presentimplementation mode describes an uplink.

As shown in FIG. 6, for the uplink, the UE1 performs transmission in theomnidirectional mode, the UE2 performs transmission in the directionalmode, and the UE1 is located between the base station 2 and the basestation 1. The solid line denotes the coverage range of the UE1, thedotted line denotes the CCA detection range of the UE2, and the narrowbeam denotes the range in which the UE2 performs signal transmission.

As shown in FIG. 6, the UE1 performs the CCA detection by using theomnidirectional ED-based LBT mechanism, and performs transmission to thebase station 1 to which the UE1 belongs when the channel is determinedto be idle.

The UE2 performs transmission to the base station 2 to which the UE2belongs in the directional beam mode, and performs the CCA detectionbefore transmission. If the omnidirectional ED-based LBT mechanism ofthe LAA is used (the CCA detection range of the UE2 is centered on theUE2 and of radius r), the signal sent from the UE1 is detected. Sincethe UE1 is located in the CCA detection range of the UE2, through theCCA detection using the omnidirectional LBT mechanism, the UE2 canreceive the signal sent by the UE1, determines the channel is busy anddoes not perform the transmission to the base station 2 to which the UE2belongs. Actually, the UE2 performs transmission in the directional beammode. If the beam-based LBT mechanism is used, the CCA result willindicate that the current channel is available, and the UE2 can transmitinformation to the base station 2.

Similar to the beam-based LBT method in the implementation mode 2 inwhich only one interference node exists, the signal energy received bythe UE2 in the coverage range of the transmit beam is a norm of aproduct of the beamforming weight used in the signal transmission of theUE2 and the signal received by the UE2 from the UE1. The signal energymay be ∥V*H12*X1∥, where V denotes the transmit beamforming weight ofUE2, H12 denotes a channel matrix between the UE1 and the UE2, X1denotes information sent by the UE1, H12*X1 denotes a signal (i.e., aninterference signal) received by the UE2 from the surrounding UE1, andV*H12*X1 denotes a signal (i.e., an interference signal) received by theUE2 in the transmit beam range from the surrounding UE1.

To generalize, the signal energy detected by the transmission point inthe transmit beam is equal to a norm an accumulated sum of signals,received by the transmission point from all of the surroundingtransmission points, with each being multiplied by the transmitbeamforming weight. The mathematical expression is as follows. Thetransmission device has n surrounding devices which are sending signals,the signal or the interference received in the beam range of thetransmit beam of the transmission device is ∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . .V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥. Optionally, the formula may be simplified to∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥. V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signalsent by the i-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in the beam range. V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . . V*H_(n)*X_(n) denotethe signals sent by the n surrounding device and received by thetransmission device in the beam range. V denotes the beamforming weightof the transmit beam of the transmission device, H_(i) denotes thechannel matrix between the transmission device and the i-th surroundingdevice, X_(i) denotes the information transmitted by the i-thsurrounding devices of the transmission device, and H_(i)*X_(i) denotesthe signal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device

In addition, the signal energy detected by the transmission point in thetransmit beam is equal to a sum of the signal energies received withinthe beam range by the transmission point from the surroundingtransmission points. The mathematical expression is:∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥. V denotes the beamformingweight of the transmit beam of the transmission device, H_(i) denotesthe channel matrix between the transmission device and the i-thsurrounding device, X_(i) denotes the information sent by the i-thsurrounding device of the transmission device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes thesignal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by the i-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device on thetransmit beam. ∥V*H_(i)*X_(i)∥ denotes the signal energy sent by thei-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device on thetransmit beam. ∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥ denotes theaccumulation sum of the signal energies received on the transmit beam bythe transmission device from the n surrounding devices.

Implementation Mode 4

In the implementation mode, provided is an LBT mechanism used in thehigh-frequency scenario in which the transmission device performstransmission in the directional mode.

For the case where the transmission devices all perform transmission inthe directional beam mode and the LBT mechanism is performed beforetransmission (using the LBT mechanism in the relevant LAA, which isreferred to as an omnidirectional ED-based LBT mechanism in theembodiment of the present disclosure), the channel detection result maynot fully characterize the channel busy/idle condition of the transmitbeam of the transmission device.

This case will be described below with examples as shown in FIG. 7.

For uplink transmission, the UE1 performs uplink transmission on the UE1in the directional beam mode. An omnidirectional ED-based LBT mechanismis performed before the transmission. Upon determining that the channelis idle, the UE1 performs transmission to the base station 1. The UE2performs transmission to the base station 2 also in the directional beammode, and uses the omnidirectional ED-based LBT mechanism. Since theomnidirectional LBT mechanism is used, the UE2 can detect, in theomnidirectional coverage range, the signal sent by the UE1 to the basestation 1, thereby determining that the current channel is busy and notperforming transmission to the base station 2. However, actually the UE1and the UE2 both perform transmission in the directional beam mode, andno interference is generated between the UE1 and the UE2. Based on this,the omnidirectional ED-based LBT mechanism used in the relevant LAAsystem is not applicable to the system in which transmission isperformed in the beam-based mode in high-frequency scenarios. In thecase where the base station side performs transmission in the beam mode,the method provided by the implementation mode may be used for theexisting problem and its solving scheme.

Based on this, the beam-based LBT mechanism may be used to determine thechannel busy/idle condition in the beam. In the process of performingthe beam-based LBT mechanism, the signal energy received in the beamrange is calculated in the following method. The beamforming weight ofthe beam is multiplied by the accumulated sum of the received signalssent by the n surrounding devices. The signal energy received in thebeam range is a norm of the above product. Unless specifically statedotherwise, the norm here refers to a 2-norm.

Alternatively, the signal energy received by the transmission device ina directional beam is ∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥. V denotesthe beamforming weight of the transmitting device, * denotes the productoperator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, and n is the number of thesurrounding devices of the transmission device. V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotesthe signal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device in the transmit beam. H_(i) denotes the channelmatrix between the transmission device and the i-th surrounding device,X_(i) denotes the information sent by the i-th surrounding device of thetransmission device, and H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by an i-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device

The beamforming weight of the transmitting device may be predefined, ornotified by the base station to the UE through the physical layer DCIsignaling, or notified by the base station to the surrounding device viathe X2 air interface, or notified by the UE to the surrounding UEthrough Internet of Things signaling, or configured through higher-layerRRC signaling, or obtained by performing SVD decomposition on thechannel matrix H between the transmitting device and the receptiondevice.

Based on the analysis of the above implementation modes and the existingproblems, the beam-based ED-LBT method can be used. It is assumed thatthe base station 1 performs transmission to the UE1 in a single-beammode, the base station 2 is located in the beam range of the basestation 1 and is performing transmission to the UE2. At this time, thebase station 1 sends information X to the UE1 in the beam range, thechannel matrix between the base station 1 and the UE1 is denoted by H1,and the signal transmitted by the base station 1 on the transmit beam isdenoted by H1*X. Correspondingly, the interference of the signal X,which is sent by the base station 1, to the surrounding device isdenoted by H2*X, and H2 is the channel matrix from the base station 1 tothe surrounding device (base station or UE). Conversely, theinterference caused by the transmission of the surrounding device to thebase station 1 is denoted by H2*X2, and X2 is information transmitted bythe surrounding device.

For the method in at least one of implementation modes 1 to 4, thebeam-based LBT mechanism proposed by the embodiment of the presentdisclosure will be described below with examples.

In an example, there are a transmitting end base station BS1 and atarget reception end UE1, and a UE2 is located around or near the targetreception end UE1. The interference to the surrounding UE2 node causedby the communication between the BS1 and the UE1 is described below. Itis assumed that the channel matrix between the BS1 and the UE1 isdenoted as H1, the channel matrix between the BS1 and the UE2 is denotedas H2, and the vector signal sent by the base station BS1 is denoted asX, as shown in FIG. 8.

The precoding matrix/vector or the beamforming weight V1 of thetransmitting end is obtained by performing SVD decomposition on thechannel matrix H1. Based on this, the information sent by the basestation and received by the UE1 is V1*X, and the interference signalsent by the base station and received by the UE2 is V1*H2*X. Optionally,the interference energy to the UE2 generated by communication betweenthe base station and the UE1 is ∥V1*H2*X∥. ∥.∥ denotes the norm operatorand * denotes a multiplication operator. After X is subjected tonormalization or the like, if X=1, the interference energy generated bycommunication between the base station and the UE1 to the UE2 is∥V1*H2∥. The interference value ∥V1*H2∥ is compared with the thresholdvalue. If the interference value is less than or is less than or equalto the threshold value, the interference caused by the communication inthe beam between the base station and the UE1 to the surrounding node isconsidered to be negligible or to be within the allowable range, or thecurrent channel is considered to be available and the base station canperform transmission to the UE1.

Conversely, if the interference level of the base station to the UE2 isequivalent to the interference of the UE2 to communication from the basestation to the UE1 (or from the UE1 to the base station), theinterference signal energy ∥V1*H2∥ caused the UE2 and detected by thebase station is accurate. The coverage of the receive beam and thecoverage of the transmit beam are consistent coverage. The direction ofthe receive beam and the direction of the transmit beam are the same ordifferent.

The above interference calculation may be extended to other cases. Ifthe target node B1 has multiple surrounding nodes, such as B2, B3, . . ., Bn, the channel matrices between the base station and the surroundingnodes B1, B2, B3, . . . , Bn are respectively H1, H2, H3, . . . , Hn. Inthis case, when the base station communicates with the UE1, theinterference signal energy detected by the base station is∥V1*H2*X2+V1*H3*X3+ . . . +V1*Hn*Xn∥, simplified as ∥V1*(H2*X2+H3*X3+ .. . +Hn*Xn)∥, or approximately equal to ∥V1*(H2+H3+ . . . +Hn)∥.

For the uplink, the signal energy can be calculated in the same manneras above.

The method for calculating the signal energy in the beam is illustratedbelow.

Case 1: Ideally, no other interference nodes exist in the transmit endbeam and the reception end beam. It is assumed that the coverage of thetransmit beam is the same as the coverage of the receive beam, that is,the energy of the transmit beam is equivalent to the energy received inthe beam range. The case is similar to a case where no otherinterference signal or channel or interference node exists in the beam.

As shown in FIG. 9, the CCA detection is performed before the TPRperforms transmission on the beam. A criterion for determining whetherthe CCA detection is successful or whether the transmission can beperformed on the beam is: whether the signal energy received in thetransmit beam satisfies a certain threshold value. For example, if thesignal energy received in the transmit beam is less than the presetthreshold, the channel is considered to be idle, and then transmissionto the target node can be performed in the transmit beam. Conversely, ifthe signal energy received in the beam is greater than the presetthreshold, the channel is considered to be busy or the beam is used byanother node.

Calculation of the signal energy received in the beam includes twocases.

In one case, any signal energy received in the beam is taken intoaccount. That is, signal energy sent by the own node (for example, thesame-system node, and/or the node belonging to the same operator, and/orthe target node, and/or the node that can be multiplexed) in the beam,and signal energy sent by other nodes (i.e., nodes other than the nodeitself) sent in the beam are taken into account.

In the other case, signal energies sent in the beam by the nodes otherthan the own node are taken into account.

Based on the above two cases and according to the characteristics of thehigh-frequency communication scenario, the calculated signal energy inthe beam is equal to a value obtained by multiplying the receivedinformation by the beamforming weight. If the calculated value in thebeam is comparable to the transmission energy of the transmit beam, itis considered that the channel is available, or that no interferencefrom other nodes exists in the beam, or that the interference of othernodes in the beam is negligible, or that no interference beam existsaround the beam.

The preset threshold may be obtained in at least one of the followingmanners: predefinition, configuration through higher-layer RRCsignaling, configuration through physical layer DCI signaling,pre-agreement between the base station and the UE, or a combinationthereof.

Here, the physical layer DCI signaling may be high-frequency physicallayer DCI signaling or low-frequency physical layer DCI signalingnotification, or low-frequency-assisted high-frequency notification. Theabove manners may be combined in various manners. For example, detectionthreshold (high-frequency CCA detection threshold, and/or low-frequencyCCA detection) is configured through the higher-layer RRC signaling, andthe threshold value configured through the higher-layer RRC signaling istriggered into effect through the physical layer DCI signaling. Here,only one combination manner is listed, and other combining manners ofthe above manners may be used for determining the threshold ofhigh-frequency CCA detection.

Case 2: One interference node exists in the receive beam and/or thetransmit beam.

As shown in FIG. 10, a node A and a node B are an ideal transmit andreceive beam pair, and a node C and a node D are an ideal transmit andreceive beam pair. Before the node A performs transmission to the nodeB, the node A performs the CCA detection to determine whether thecurrent channel is idle, and then the transmission between the node Aand the node B may be performed. When the node A performs theenergy-based CCA detection, signal energy from the node B to the node Ais not taken into account in the calculation of the signal energy in thetransmit beam of the node A since the node A and the node B have notcommunicated yet. The signal energy in the transmit beam of the node Ais calculated in the following manners.

Manner 1: the signal energies of nodes other than the own node in thebeam are calculated. The signal energy calculated in the manner 1includes not only signal energies in the beam range from nodes thatcannot be multiplexed, but also signal energies in the beam range fromthe nodes that can be multiplexed (including the homogeneous systemnode, and/or the node belonging to the same operator, and/or the node inthe same beam range).

As shown in FIG. 11, it is assumed that the beam is multiplexed by thenode A and a node E, and the node D is an interference node. At thistime, the node A calculates the energy in the beam by using thefollowing energy calculation method: ∥(the beam weight of the nodeA)*(He*Xe+Hd*Xd)∥; or ∥(the beam weight of the node A)*(He*Xe+Hc*Xc)∥;or ∥(the weight of the node E)*He*Xe+(the beam weight of the nodeA)*Hd*Xd∥.

He, Hd, and Hc denote the channel matrices of the node E, the node D andthe node C, respectively. Xe, Xd and Xc denote transmitting signal orsignal vectors/matrixes.

The interference signal energy in the beam is calculated, and then iscompared with the threshold value. If the signal energy in the beam isless than, or is less than or equal to, the threshold value, the signalis considered to be available or idle or available for transmission.Conversely, if the signal energy in the beam is greater than, or isgreater than or equal to, the threshold value, the channel is consideredto be busy or not available.

Manner 2: The signal energies in the beam and from nodes other than thenodes that can be multiplexed are calculated.

The difference from the manner 1 is that when the node A calculates theenergy in the beam, the energy calculation method is: ∥(the beam weightof the node A)*Hd*Xd∥; or ∥(the beam weight of the node A)*Hc*Xc∥*.Finally, the energy received in the beam is compared with the thresholdvalue to determine whether the channel in the current beam is available.

Case 3: Multiple interference nodes exist in the receive beam and/or thetransmit beam. The case 3 is similar to the case 2 in the processingmanner, while the difference between the case 3 and the case 2 is thatmultiple interference nodes or beams exist around the node A, or in thebeam of the node A, or around the beam of the node A in the case 3. Asshown in FIG. 12, the signal energy calculation method in the send beamis: ∥(the beam weight of the node A)*(Hc*Xc+Hb*Xb)∥, or ∥(the signal ofthe node C+ the signal of the node B)*the weight of the node A∥.

In addition, when both the reception end and the transmitting endperform transmission in the beam mode, the cases described below exist.

Case 1: The CCA detection is performed on the transmit beam, and is notperformed on the receive beam.

Only for the transmitting end, the CCA detection is performed before thetransmission is performed on the transmit beam. If the channel in thebeam is detected to be idle, the transmission is performed. At thistime, since the reception end does not perform the CCA detection in therage of the receive beam, the information sent by the transmitting endmay not be correctly received to some extent due to interference orserious interference in the receive beam.

Conversely, if the transmitting end performs the CCA detection on thetransmit beam and detects that the channel is busy, the transmitting endmay process in the manner described in the implementation mode X.

Case 2: The CCA detection is performed on both the transmit beam and thereceive beam.

For the transmitting end, the processing manner of the CCA detection onthe transmit beam is the same as that in the case 1. For the receptionside, in the case where the CCA detection is performed on the transmitbeam and the channel is detected to be idle, before the transmission onthe transmit beam to the reception side, if the reception side deviceperforms the LBT detection on the receive beam and the transmit channelis idle, the transmission can be performed. Since the channel in therange of the receive beam of the reception end is idle, the receptionend does not need to feed back or send any information to thetransmitting end. Conversely, if the reception end performs the CCAdetection and detects that the channel on the receive beam is busy, thereception end performs the CCA detection on a sub-optimal receive beam.If an idle state is detected, the sub-optimal receive beam is used forreception. Optionally, the transmitting side may be notified of beaminformation on the reception side. Alternatively, the transmitting sideis not notified, and the transmitting side may send information onseveral candidate receive beams. Alternatively, when the reception endperforms the CCA detection and detects that the channel on the receivebeam is busy, the reception end sends to the transmitting side channelstate information of the beam, or interference state information of thereceive beam, or information of a receive beam to be switched to or tobe used and/or the channel state thereof. Correspondingly, for thetransmitting side device, if the transmitting end does not receive theinformation of the reception end within a certain period of time, thetransmitting end considers that the channel of the reception end isavailable and can perform transmission. Conversely, if the transmittingend receives the information sent by the reception end, the currenttransmission may be abandoned, or the receive beam of the reception endmay be adjusted and the reception end is notified of the adjustedreceive beam, or the transmitting end performs transmission by using atransmit beam that matches the receive beam notified by the receptionend, or the transmitting end performs transmission by still using theoriginal send beam.

Implementation Mode 5

In the present implementation mode, provided is an LBT mechanism usedwhen a transmission device performs transmission on a directional beamin a case of multiple beams.

In the case where the transmission device is provided with multiplebeams, whether the multiple beams are available may be determined in oneof the following methods.

Method 1: the channel busy/idle condition of each of the multiple beamsis respectively determined according to signal energy received in eachsingle beam.

For example, the base station 1 has three beams. Before performingtransmission on the three beams, the base station 1 needs to perform thebeam-based LBT mechanism on the three beams respectively. Whether thechannel on each single beam is idle is determined by determining whetherthe signal energy received on the single beam satisfies a presetthreshold value. If the signal energy detected on the single beam isgreater than the preset threshold value, the channel is determined to bebusy. Conversely, if the signal energy detected on the single beam isnot greater than the preset threshold value, the channel is determinedto be idle. The signal energy detected on the single beam is a norm of avalue obtained by multiplying a beamforming weight by an accumulated sumof received signals sent by the surrounding devices. Alternatively, thesignal energy detected on the single beam is an accumulated sum of normsof multiple values, each of the multiple values is a product of thetransmit beamforming weight of the transmission device and the signalsent by a respective one of the surrounding devices.

Optionally,

if the LBT is successfully performed on at least one of the multipledirectional beams, it is considered that the multiple directional beamsare available or that the channels are idle, and transmission isperformed only on the directional beam on which the LBT is successfullyperformed.

Alternatively, if the LBT is successfully performed on all of themultiple directional beams, it is considered that the multipledirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle.

Alternatively, if the LBT fails on at least one of the multipledirectional beams, it is considered that the multiple directional beamsare not available or that the channels are busy.

Alternatively, if the number of directional beams, among the multipledirectional beams, on which the LBT is successfully performed reaches apredetermined threshold value, it is considered that the multipledirectional beams are available or that the channels are idle, andtransmission is performed only on the directional beam on which the LBTis successfully performed.

Alternatively, if the number of directional beams, among the multipledirectional beams, on which the LBT fails reaches a predeterminedthreshold value, it is considered that the multiple directional beamsare not available or that the channels are busy.

Method 2: The channel busy/idle condition of the multiple beams orwhether the multiple beams can be used for transmission is determinedbased on a sum of signal energies received on the multiple directionalbeams.

There are two cases in the method 2.

Case 1: the multiple directional beams belong to the same antennaelement or antenna port.

Signal energy received in the beam region formed by the multipledirectional beams is an accumulated sum of the signal energy(∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥) received by the transmissiondevice in a first beam, the signal energy (∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥) received by the transmission device in a second beam, .. . and the signal energy (∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥)received by the transmission device in an m-th beam. The signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the multiple directional beams is∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of m beams. H₁, H₂, . .. , H_(n) each denote the channel matrix between the transmission deviceand the surrounding device. X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote the transmitsignal vectors of the surrounding devices of the transmission device. *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, and m isthe number of the directional beams transmitted by the transmissiondevice. H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by a j-th surrounding deviceand received by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes asignal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . .. +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices andreceived in the i-th beam.

Alternatively

The signal energy received in the beam region formed by the multipledirectional beams is a norm of an accumulated sum of the signal energy(V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))) received by the transmissiondevice in the first beam, the signal energy (V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))) received by the transmission device in the second beam, .. . and signal energy (V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))) receivedby the transmission device in the m-th beam. The signal energy receivedin the beam region formed by the multiple directional beams is∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote the beamforming weights of the m beams, H₁,H₂, . . . , H_(n) each denote a channel matrix between the transmissiondevice and a respective one of the surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . ,X_(n) denote the transmit signal vectors of the surrounding devices ofthe transmission device, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes thenorm operator, n is the number of the surrounding devices of thetransmission device, m is the number of the directional beamstransmitted by the transmission device, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signalsent by the j-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surroundingdevice and received by the transmission device in an i-th beam range,and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by thesurrounding devices and received in the i-th beam.

Case 2: the multiple directional beams belong to different antennaelements or antenna ports.

The signal energy received in the beam region formed by the multipledirectional beams is equal to an accumulated sum of the signal energyreceived by the transmission device in the first beam, the signal energyreceived by the transmission device in the second beam, . . . , and thesignal energy received by the transmission device in the m-th beam.

Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe multiple directional beams is equal to:∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(m)*X_(n))∥

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote the beamforming weights of m beamsrespectively, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) denote the channelmatrices on the i-th beam and between the transmission device and the nsurrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote the transmit signalvectors of the surrounding devices of the transmission devicerespectively, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes the signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) denotes the signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by then surrounding devices and received by the transmission device in thei-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(i)*X_(n))∥ denotes the signal energies received by the transmissiondevice in the i-th beam range from the n surrounding devices, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofthe beams.

Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe multiple directional beams is equal to a norm of the accumulated sumof the signal energy received by the transmission device in the firstbeam, the signal energy received by the transmission device in thesecond beam, . . . and the signal energy received by the transmissiondevice in the m-th beam.

Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe multiple directional beams is equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote the beamforming weights of m beams. H₁^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) denote the channel matrices on thei-th beam between the transmission device and the n surrounding devices.X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote the transmit signal vectors of thesurrounding devices of the transmission device. H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotesthe signal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device. V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes the signal sent bythe j-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device inthe i-th beam range. V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range. * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number ofsurrounding devices of the transmission device, and m is the number ofthe beams.

Alternatively, the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe multiple directional beams is equal to an accumulated sum of thesignal energy (∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥)sent by n1 surrounding devices and received in the first beam, thesignal energy (∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥)sent by n2 surrounding devices and received in the second beam, . . .and the signal energy (∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . .+H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥) sent by nn surrounding devices and receivedin the m-th beam. The signal energy received in the beam region formedby the multiple directional beams is ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . .+H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n2) ²*X_(n2)²)∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn)^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote the beamforming weights of m beamsrespectively, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) denote the channelmatrices between the transmission device and the nj surrounding deviceson the i-th beam respectively, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i)denote the transmit signal vectors of the nj surrounding devices of thetransmission device on the i-th beam respectively, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i) denotes a signal sent by the nj-th surrounding device and receivedby the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote thesignal sent by the nj-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent bythe nj surrounding devices and received by the transmission device inthe i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . .+H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i))∥ denotes signal energies sent by the njsurrounding devices and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the normoperator, nj is the number of the surrounding devices of thetransmission device, m is the number of beams.

Alternatively

The signal energy received in the beam region formed by the multipledirectional beams is equal to a norm of an accumulated sum of signals(V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)) sent by the n1surrounding devices and received in the first beam, signals (V²*(H₁ ²*X₁²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)) sent by the n2 surroundingdevices and received in the second beam, . . . and signals (V^(m)*(H₁^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))) sent bythe nn surrounding devices and received in the m-th beam. The signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the multiple directionalbeams is ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1) ¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn) ^(m))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote the beamforming weights of m beams, H₁^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) each denote the channel matrixbetween the transmission device and one of the nj surrounding devices onthe i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote the transmitsignal vectors of the nj surrounding devices of the transmission deviceon the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by anj-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device,V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes the signal sent by the nj-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj)^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nj is the number ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofthe beams. n1, n2, . . . , nn may be the same, or different numbers. Ifthe number of interference devices in each beam is the same, in the casewhere the multiple directional beams belong to different antennaelements, the signal energy received in the beam region formed by themultiple directional beams is:∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂²+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂^(m)+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥.

V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote the beamforming weights of the beamsrespectively, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) denote the channelmatrices between the transmission device and the surrounding devices onthe i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(n) ^(i) denote the transmitsignal vectors of the surrounding devices of the transmission device onthe i-th beam, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the normoperator, n is the number of the surrounding devices of the transmissiondevice, m is the number of the beams, i is a positive integer within [1,m].

Method 3: the channel busy/idle condition of the multiple directionalbeams is determined according to the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the multiple directional beams. The signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the multiple directional beams isequal to a norm of a value which is obtained by multiplying a sum ofsignals received from surrounding devices of the transmission device bythe beamforming weight formed by the multiple directional beams.

For the methods 2 and 3, when the signal energy received in the beamcoverage range formed by the multiple directional beams is not greaterthan a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that channel inthe beam formed by the multiple directional beams is idle, or thatchannel in the multiple directional beams is idle, or that transmissioncan be performed on the multiple directional beams.

Alternatively, when the signal energy received in the beam coveragerange formed by the multiple directional beams is greater than thepredetermined threshold value, it is determined that the channel in thebeam formed by the alternatively directional beams is busy or that thechannel in the alternatively directional beams is busy, or thattransmission cannot be performed on the alternatively directional beams.

The advantage of the method 2 and the method 3 is that only one LBTdetection is needed to determine whether the multiple directional beamsare available, which reduces to a certain extent the energy loss causedby execution of the LBT mechanism.

Implementation Mode 6

In the implementation mode, provided is a channel access method in thehigh-frequency scenario in which the transmitting end performstransmission in the beam mode and the reception end uses theomnidirectional reception mode.

Downlink transmission is taken as an example. A TRP1 performstransmission to the UE1, and a TRP2 performs transmission to the UE2.The TRP1 sends information to the UE1 in the beam mode and the TRP2sends information to UE2 also in the beam mode. The UE1 receives theinformation sent by the transmitting end in an omnidirectional mannerand the UE2 receives the information sent by the transmitting end in theomnidirectional manner too, and the UE1 and the UE2 are within thereception range of each other.

As shown in FIG. 13, it is assumed that before the TRP2 performstransmission to the UE2, the TRP2 performs the ED-based CCA detection ina beam. When the detection result indicates the channel is idle, theTRP2 sends information to the UE2. Similarly, before the TRP1 performstransmission to the UE1, the TRP1 also needs to perform ED-based CCAdetection in a beam. The beam-based LBT mechanism described in at leastone of the implementation modes 2 to 5 may be used as the method fordetecting whether a channel in the beam is available or idle. The focusis the method of calculating the signal energy received in the beam andthe detection threshold value used for determining whether the channelis in the beam idle.

At this time, since each of the TRP1 and the TRP2 performs transmissiononly in its own beam, the signal sent by the TRP2 cannot be detected bythe TRP1. Therefore, the TRP1 determines that the channel is idle basedon the CCA detection, and transmits information to the UE1. In view ofthe above, since the reception ends UE1 and UE2 are within the receptionrange of each other, neither the UE1 nor the UE2 can correctly receivethe information sent by their respective TRP.

The reception device may operate in the following manners.

Declaration: Before the reception side receives the information, whetherthe reception side device performs the LBT mechanism (including at leastone of: not performing the LBT mechanism, performing theomnidirectional-mode LBT mechanism, and performing the directional-modeLBT mechanism), and/or whether the reception side device performs thenon-LBT-mechanism predetermined processing operation, and/or whether thereception side device performs switching from the omnidirectional modeto the directional mode may be determined through one of: indicationthrough physical layer DCI signaling, configuration through higher-layerRRC signaling, predefinition, or pre-agreement between the base stationand the UE.

The manner 1 is as follows. Before receiving the information from thetransmitting end, the reception end performs the CCA detection orinterference measurement. According to the CCA detection result or theinterference measurement condition, the reception end sends the CCAdetection result or the interference measurement result to thetransmitting end device. Alternatively, the reception end sendsindication information to the transmitting end device. Optionally, thetransmitting end determines whether to perform the transmissionoperation. The reception device performs reception in an omnidirectionalantenna mode, so the omnidirectional LBT mechanism, such as the LBTmechanism used for the LAA system, is used when CCA detection isperformed.

Alternatively, the reception device performs the LBT mechanism orinterference measurement in the range of the receive beam, so that thereception device can determine the channel condition in the receivebeam. If the channel in the beam is detected to be idle, the informationis received directly. Optionally, the reception device may sendindication information to the transmitting end for notifying thetransmitting end of a beam identifier (ID), and/or the LBT result in thebeam, and/or the interference measurement information. Conversely, ifthe channel in the beam is detected to be busy, the reception devicesends indication information to the transmitting end device fornotifying the transmitting end of the CCA detection result and/or theinterference condition on the reception side.

The measured item in the interference measurement may be RSSI, RSRP, andRSRQ. The indication information may be RSSI, RSRP and RSRQ measurementresult, or ACK/NACK.

The CCA detection or the interference measurement is used for acquiringthe interference condition of the node.

In another case, the reception end also performs reception in the beammode. Before performing reception, the reception end performs thebeam-based LBT mechanism so as to determine whether the channel in thecurrent beam is idle or determine the interference condition in thecurrent beam. Optionally, the reception end sends the LBT result or theinterference measurement condition to the transmitting end, so that thetransmitting end determines whether to continue the transmissionoperation.

The manner 2 is as follows. The reception end switches from theomnidirectional reception mode to the directional beam reception mode.

If the reception device performs the LBT detection according to theomnidirectional reception mode and detects that the current channel isbusy, or detects that the surrounding interference level reaches acertain threshold, the reception device switches to the directional beamreception mode. Alternatively, the reception device reports the CCAdetection result or the interference measurement value, and thetransmitting end dynamically instructs through physical layer DCIsignaling the reception device to switch to the directional beamreception mode. The interference threshold value may be predefined, orpre-agreed between the base station and the UE, or indicated through thephysical layer DCI signaling, or indicated through the higher-layer RRCsignaling.

After switching to the directional beam reception mode, the receptiondevice may perform the beam-based LBT mechanism, or does not perform thebeam-based LBT mechanism (since the directional beam after switching isrelatively narrow, or the configured beam has small traffic load orsmall interference, the probability of conflict and collision betweennodes is reduced or avoided to some extent).

The directional beam is a relatively preferred beam obtained by beamtraining and indicated by the base station through DCI signaling orpredefined. One or more receive beams may exist on the reception side.When multiple receive beams exist, S optimal beams are obtained by beamtraining. The S optimal beams are top S ones among the beams arrangedbased on their SINR values in the largest-to-smallest order.

In the case where the reception device performs the beam-based LBTmechanism, if the signal energy detected in the receive beam is notgreater than a preset threshold value, the reception device can performthe reception normally. The reception device does not need to sendindication information to the transmitting end. Conversely, if thesignal energy detected in the beam range is greater than the presetthreshold value, the reception device may perform the followingprocessing.

Processing manner 1: The reception device performs the beam-based LBTmechanism on other candidate beams.

The LBT performing sequence of the candidate beams is as follows. TheLBT may be performed on the candidate beams sequentially in a pollingmanner. Alternatively, the LBT may be performed from the optimal beam tothe suboptimal beam. Alternatively, the LBT may be performed in apredefined sequence. Alternatively, the LBT may be performed on beamsrandomly selected from the candidate beams.

If a channel on a beam is detected to be idle, the reception devicereports the receive beam information to the transmitting end.Optionally, the direction of the transmitting beam may be adjusted ormay not be adjusted to match the receive beam.

Processing manner 2: The beam-based LBT mechanism is re-performed on afine beam corresponding to the beam on which LBT fails.

If the above two detection manners both indicate that the channel on thebeam is busy, the reception end notifies the transmitting end to abandonthe transmission. The notification information may be transmittedthrough a licensed carrier or other available carriers in the unlicensedspectrum.

The mode switching may be based on the interference measurementcondition or the CCA detection result, or triggered through physicallayer DCI signaling, or configured through higher-layer RRC signaling.The directional beam may be predefined, or predetermined by thetransmitting end for the reception end, or determined by the receptionend itself, or jointly determined by the transmitting end and thereception end, or indicated through physical layer DCI signaling, ordetermined through high-layer RRC signaling, or predetermined by thetransmitting end and the reception end, or obtained through beamtraining, or randomly selected from the candidate beams, or one of thecandidate beams having the largest SINR, or the like.

Similarly, for the uplink scenario in which the transmitting end usesthe beam mode while the reception end uses the omnidirectional mode, theprocessing method is the same as the processing manner described above.

Similarly, the processing manner for the case where the transmitting enduses the omnidirectional mode while the reception end uses the beam modeis also the same as the processing manner described above.

In another case, if the reception end detects that the channel in thereception range is idle, the reception end does not need to sendinformation to the transmitting end, and directly performs reception.

In the case where the reception device sends indication information tothe transmitting device, or reports interference measurement informationor the CCA detection result or the like, if the transmitting end doesnot receive the information within the predetermined time, thetransmitting end determines that interference around the receptiondevice is relatively small or that the channel is detected to be idlethrough the CCA detection. The predetermined time may be predefined, orpre-agreed between the base station and the UE, or indicated through thephysical layer DCI signaling, or indicated through the higher-layer RRCsignaling. The predetermined time may be the time of feeding back anACK/NACK, such as 1 us, 2 us, 4 us, 9 us, 16 us, etc.

The method for the reception end to perform reception in theomnidirectional mode in the implementation mode is also applicable tothe transmitting end device.

Implementation Mode 7

The present implementation mode provides a processing method for thecase where the transmission is performed in the directional beam modeand the beam-based LBT fails.

For the failure of the beam-based LBT mechanism on the beam, thefollowing three manners are provided.

Manner 1: Once a channel state of a beam is detected to be busy, thebeam is considered to be unavailable, or transmission on the beam isabandoned.

Manner 2: When the channel on the corresponding beam is detected to bebusy, a channel condition on a finer beam in the beam on which LBT failsis detected. Here, the finer beam is referred to as a secondary beam. Abeam that is finer than the secondary beam is referred to as a tertiarybeam, and so on.

For the manner 2, an operation performed on multiple secondary beams inthe beam on which LBT fails to includes one of the following operations.

Operation 1: the LBT mechanism is performed on multiple secondary beamsin a manner of time division multiplexing (TDM).

For the operation 1, if multiple beams belong to a beam, or belong to abeam group, or are in the same transmission period, LBT may be performedaccording to one of the following schemes (the LBT mechanism is thebeam-based LBT mechanism).

Scheme 1: The LBT is sequentially performed on the corresponding beamsin a polling manner.

Scheme 2: The LBT is performed on beams selected in a random manner.

This is useful for quickly determining which secondary beam theinterfering node is located in, thereby adjusting or determining whichsecondary beam in the beam is used for transmission.

For the above two schemes, if Cat4 LBT or Cat2 LBT is used on the beamon which LBT fails/succeeds, the Cat2 LBT or Cat2 LBT having a shortduration may be used on the secondary beam, to satisfy the shortestdetection duration for fair coexistence.

Secondly, for the above two schemes, the following rules are provided.

Rule 1: As long as a secondary beam is detected to be idle through theCCA detection, the CCA detection on other secondary beams is stopped.The secondary beam on which the CCA is successfully performed is usedfor the transmission.

Rule 2: When the CCA detection indicates that a secondary beam is busyand energy is greater than a specified threshold and less than athreshold value of a primary beam, it is determined that the fine beamcan be multiplexed and can be used for transmission.

Rule 3: When a secondary beam is detected to be idle through the CCAdetection, the CCA detection is continued. When the number of thesecondary beams which are detected to be idle reach a preset number, thetransmission is performed on the idle fine beam, or the transmission isperformed on the optimal fine beam selected from the idle fine beams.

Rule 4: By traversing the secondary beams, the transmission is performedon at least one of the secondary fine beams that are detected to be idlethrough the CCA detection.

Operation 2: The beam-based LBT mechanism is performed on multiplesecondary beams at the same time. This operation includes the followingfour schemes.

Scheme 1: Cat2 LBT is performed on multiple secondary beams at the sametime. As long as at least one secondary beam is detected to be idle, theprimary beam (which can be considered as an upper-level beam of thesecondary beams, that is, a beam wider than the secondary beam) isconsidered to be available. Form the secondary beams which are detectedsuccessfully to be idle, at least one of the idle secondary beams isselected for transmission.

Scheme 2: the Cat4 LBT is performed on a main secondary beam of themultiple secondary beams. When the cat4 LBT is about to be completed,the Cat2 LBT starts being performed on other secondary beams, and thesecondary beam on which the LBT process is completed may be used fortransmission.

Scheme 3: Cat4 LBT is performed on multiple secondary beams, the value Nof each of the multiple secondary beams is independently updated, or themultiple secondary beams use the same N, and the secondary beam on whichthe LBT process is completed may be used for transmission.

Scheme 4: LBT (Cat4 LBT or Cat2 LBT) is performed on the multiplesecondary beams at the same time. As long as the number of the secondarybeams which are detected to be idle meet the preset number, the primarybeam (which may be considered as the upper-level beam of the secondarybeams, that is, the beam wider than the secondary beam) is considered tobe available, or the idle secondary beam is used for transmission.

The way in the manner 2 may also be used for the tertiary beam, or finerquaternary beams. See FIG. 14.

Manner 3: The candidate beams other than the beam on which the channelis detected to be busy is detected, or the channel condition of a beamaround the busy beam is detected. The CCA may be performed on multiplecandidate beams at the same time, or the CCA detection may besequentially performed in the TDM manner. As long as an idle beam isdetected, transmission is performed on the beam. The method ofprocessing the fine beam in the manner 2 may be used in the manner 3.

In order to enhance coverage, a multi-beam transmission mode and asingle-beam repeating transmission mode are introduced. In themulti-beam transmission mode, multiple beams may be sent simultaneouslyor may be sent in the TDM manner, or multiple beams may be sentsimultaneously and periodically, or multiple beams may be sentperiodically in the TMD manner, or multiple beams may be sentsimultaneously in a non-periodic trigger manner (including: the multiplebeams being in different frequency domain resources, and/or differentspatial domain resources, etc.), or multiple beams may be sent in theTDM manner and in the non-periodic trigger manner. For the single-beamrepeating transmission mode, multiple repeated single-beam transmissionsmay be performed in the TDM manner. The single beams sent in the TDMmanner may have the same beam direction, or different beam directions,or a combination thereof (that is, some single beams having the samedirection and some single beams having different directions).

Declaration: When the beams are sent in the TDM manner, the beams may becontinuous or non-continuous in the time domain.

Based on the above content, the channel access mechanism in themulti-beam mode and the single-beam repeating transmission mode will bedescribed in detail in the following implementation modes.

Implementation Mode 8

In this implementation mode, provided is a channel access manner whenmultiple beams are transmitted in the TDM manner in the time domain. Inthe present implementation mode, the channel access manners in differentsituations are described with an example in which only one beam istransmitted in each transmission of the multi-beam mode. Similarly, themethod in this implementation mode is also applicable to the single-beamrepeating transmission manner or multi-transmission manner.

The channel contention access manner may be described with the casewhere multiple beams are transmitted in the TDM manner and arecontinuous in the time domain, and with the case where the multiplebeams are transmitted in the TDM manner and are discrete in the timedomain.

Case 1: Multiple beams are transmitted in the TDM manner and arecontinuous in the time domain.

The multiple beams are transmitted in a transmission period, or a sharedbeam transmission period, or a maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT). Asshown in FIG. 16, the LBT scheme used by the multiple beams includes atleast one of the following manners.

Cat4 LBT is performed on the first beam. Cat2 LBT is performed on thesubsequent beams regardless of the LBT result of the first beam.

Cat4 LBT is performed on the first beam. If the LBT is performedsuccessfully, the LBT may not be performed on the subsequent beams.

Cat4 LBT is performed on the first beam. If the LBT is performedsuccessfully, Cat4 LBT is performed on the subsequent beams, acontention windows (CW) of the Cat4 LBT performed on each of thesubsequent beams is smaller than the contention window used in theprevious beam.

Cat4 LBT is performed on the first beam, and if the LBT is performedsuccessfully, Cat 2 LBT may be performed on the subsequent beams.

Cat4 LBT is performed on the first beam. In the case where the LBT onthe first beam is succeeds, if the number of successful contentions forthe carrier according to the Cat2 LBT meets a predetermined number, LBTmay not be performed on the remaining beams.

Cat2 LBT is performed on the first beam, and the above Cat4 LBT schemesare used for the subsequent beams.

Cat4/Cat2 LBT is performed on a previous beam, and if the LBT fails, theLBT type of the next beam is indicated by the base station or the nextbeam still uses the LBT mechanism of the previous beam.

If the LBT fails on a certain beam, the LBT may be performed onsecondary beams (i.e., finer beams). Alternatively, another carrier isused for sending the corresponding information on the beam.

In FIG. 15, the time domain resource corresponding to the beam may be anorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, or ascheduling unit, or a transmission time interval (TTI), or a slot, or amini-slot, or the like.

Declaration: The description of the first beam may be replaced by thedescription of the previous beam.

Case 2: Multiple beams are transmitted in the TDM manner and arediscrete in the time domain. See FIG. 16.

For the LBTs in a shared Maximum Channel Occupy Time (MCOT), or atransmission period or a duration, a conclusion in the LAA may beapplicable: in one transmission period/shared MCOT/duration, Cat4 LBT isused by the first beam and Cat2 LBT is used by the subsequent beams.

In order to enable information on the remaining beams to be transmittedquickly or to implement beam training and other functions, the beamoutside the transmission period/shared MCOT/duration may use Cat2 LBT orCat2 LBT with the minimum time interval.

When the LBT fails on the beam, LBT may be performed on the secondarybeams or more sub level beams. Alternatively, the beam direction ischanged and the LBT is re-performed.

Implementation Mode 9

In the implementation mode, provided is a channel access manner for thescheme multiple beams are simultaneously transmitted in the time domain.

Scheme 1: Cat2 LBT is simultaneously performed on multiple beams.

If the number of beams on which LBT is successfully performed meets apredetermined threshold value, at least one of the beams on which LBT issuccessfully performed may be used for transmission.

If there exist LBT failures on the multiple beams, the LBT continues tobe performed on the beams on which LBT is successfully performed, andthe LBT continues to be performed on the beams on which LBT fails withadjusting the beam direction or beam range (for example, secondarybeams) until all beam are detected to be idle, or until the number ofbeams on which LBT is successfully performed meets the predeterminedthreshold value. For the beam on which LBT fails, as long as itssecondary beam is detected to be idle through LBT, this beam isconsidered to be idle, and the transmission is only performed on thesecondary beam.

Simultaneous transmission of the multiple beams can be performed only ifeach of the multiple beams is detected to be idle.

Scheme 2: Cat4 LBT is simultaneously performed on the multiple beams.

Each beam independently generates an N value.

The multiple beams share an N value.

In the process of performing the Cat4 LBT on each beam, execution of LBTon the sub-level beams is started when the LBT fails. As long as the LBTis successfully performed in the sub-level beam, the value N is alsodecreased.

If a beam on which the LBT process is completed in advance exists, thebeam sends a discovery signal, or a reference signal, or a reservingsignal, or an occupancy signal, or the like, or the LBT on the beamcontinues.

If the number of beams on which the LBT is completed reaches apredefined threshold value, LBT on other beams can be stopped, or Cat2LBT or Cat2 LBT having the minimum time interval is performed on otherbeams.

Scheme 3: a combination manner of Cat4 LBT and Cat2 LBT is used by themultiple beams. Cat4 LBT is used on a selected main beam and Cat2 isperformed on other beams. The difference from the relevant scheme isthat execution of the Cat2 LBT and execution of the Cat4 LBT are startedat the same time. If the LBT is successfully performed on other beams oron an expected beam, the Cat4 LBT process on the main beam may besimplified, or the LBT type may be changed.

Scheme 4: the multiple beams are divided into several beam groups, andthen the above three schemes may be used. The difference is that thefirst LBT is performed with taking a beam group as a unit. Only when thechannel on the beam group is detected to be busy, the second LBT isperformed with a smaller beam unit. Proceeding in this fashion, LBT isperformed on single beams. This scheme can effectively reduce the numberof times the LBT is performed and save the power consumption of the UE.

Implementation Mode 10

In the implementation mode, provided is a beam-based LBT manner fordifferent signals, and/or different channels, and/or different beams,and/or different traffic, and/or different priority levels.

Signals and/or channels may use different types of beams (a wide beam,and a fine beam), or the same type of beam, or a combination of beamtypes. For example, a wide beam is used as the control beam and a finebeam is used as the data beam. The wide beam used for the controlinformation includes multiple fine data beams. In this case, multiplefine beams in each wide beam may be regarded as a beam group, or a beamduration, or a beam MCOT, or a shared group/transmission period. Inaddition, multiple fine beams in the wide beam may use the same LBTmanner as the wide beam, or use a LBT manner, such as Cat 3/4 LBT havingsmaller CWs, or Cat2 LBT or no LBT, that is more simplified or fasterthan an LBT mechanism on the wide beam. Optionally, the multiple finebeams may use different LBT mechanisms or the same LBT mechanism havingdifferent LBT parameters. In addition, different wide beams may also beregarded as a shared MCOT, a beam group, a beam duration, a beam MCOT,or a shared group/transmission period, or may also be regarded asdifferent beams, different MCOTs, different beam groups, different beamdurations, or different shared groups/transmission periods. Differentbeams, different beam groups, different MCOTs, different beam durationsor different transmission periods are regarded as a new beam fortransmission, and Cat4/3 LBT or Cat2 LBT may be used.

In order to ensure that the LBT is fully performed for the controlinformation, the Cat4 LBT may be used for the control beam or the widebeam, and narrow data beams in the wide beam range may be understood asa transmission beam within an MCOT. At this time, the data beams may usea simplified LBT or no LBT is performed on the data beams, or LBT isperformed on the first data beam and is not performed on the subsequentbeams, and the like.

Different wide beams may use the same LBT. Alternatively, different widebeams use different LBTs with the LBT on a subsequent wide beam beingsimplified than the LBT on the previous wide. This facilitates fastaccess and information transmission.

As shown in FIG. 17, if the LBT fails on a data beam in the firstcontrol beam and the direction of the data beam needs to be adjusted,the adjusted data beam is located in the second control beam or thethird control beam. The ownership of the beam or the interferencerelationship changes, so the LBT needs to be performed in a default LBTmechanism, or a LBT mechanism indicated by the physical layer DCIsignaling, or according to an LBT rule in the beam.

Implementation Mode 11

In the implementation mode, provided is a contention access method usedin multiplexing with a homogeneous system or heterogeneous system.

(1) Multiplexing with the Homogeneous System

The beam may be at a cell level, or a UE-specific level, or a beam grouplevel.

Multiplexing in the beam

For the TRP, operator, or UE in the homogeneous system, multiplexing isin the configured beam.

The transmitting end detects signal energy in the beam. If the beam isdetermined to be idle, the transmitting end may perform operations inthe following manner.

The transmitting end sends a preamble signal or an identification signalthroughout the beam, which are used for the multiplexing transmittingend to perform identification. The identification signal carries thefollowing contents: a beam direction, a beam broadband, a beam index, anindex of a fine beam in the beam, transmitting power, a TRP identifier,a UE identifier, a beam-group identifier, and the like.

The transmitting end performs transmission on a predetermined beampattern in the beam. The multiplexing node detects that the channel inthe beam is busy, and detects that the channel on the corresponding beampattern is busy and the channel on other beam pattern is idle, and thusthe beam can be multiplexed by this node, or this node can performtransmission on a finer beam in this beam. See FIG. 18.

Multiplexing Between Beams

Different TRPs, or different operators, or different UEs multiplexdifferent beams. Their beam patterns may be obtained throughcoordination, or pre-definition, or signaling indication. Based on this,the LBT is performed on the beams before transmission is performed onthe beams. If the LBT succeeds, transmission is performed on thecorresponding beams. If the LBT fails, the LBT is performed on finerbeams (also referred to as secondary beams).

In addition, in the case where the multiplexing node is configured withmultiple beams, when the multiplexing node detects that the channel onone of the multiple beams is busy, the multiplexing node may switch toanother candidate beam for performing LBT, thereby determining whetherthis beam may be multiplexed.

(2) Multiplexing with Heterogeneous System

The multiplexing between different systems may be implemented accordingto the manner of multiplexing between beams. Alternatively, themultiplexing between different systems may be implemented throughdetermining their respective beams by means of exchanging the beaminformation. Alternatively, the multiplexing between different systemsmay be implemented through the LBT manner, that is, the manner that whosuccessfully contends for the beam who uses the beam.

Implementation Mode 12

For the characteristics of the high-frequency communication scenario,mutual communication is performed in a beam manner. The narrow beam isused for transmission, reducing to some extent the collision probabilityin the high-frequency scenario. Based on this, in the high-frequencyscenario, before the transmission node performs transmission onspecified spectrum (including: licensed spectrum, or unlicensedspectrum, or shared spectrum), the transmission node may not perform theLBT or use the dynamic LBT manner. In the implementation mode, themethod that the nodes do not perform an LBT operation or use a dynamicLBT manner to reduce or decrease collision between resources or nodes inthe high-frequency scenario will be described in detail.

Manner 1: Beam/beamforming randomization processing is used. Theprocessing may avoid the problem of fixed interference caused by fixedbeams to other nodes.

The beam includes a transmit beam or a receive beam. That is, for thetransmitting end or the receiving end, the used transmit beam or receivebeam is randomly selected in a beam set. The beam may be randomlyselected by a base station, or randomly selected by a UE, or randomlyselected by the base station and the UE.

The beam set may be a candidate beam set or a configured beam set. Thebeam set may be determined or obtained in the following manners. Thebeam set is predefined. The beam set is determined by a base stationautonomously. The beam set is determined by a UE autonomously. The beamset is determined through higher-layer RRC signaling. The beam set isdetermined through physical layer DCI signaling. Alternatively, the beamset is determined through any combination of the above manners.

The beam randomization method is implemented by using a fixed rule. Forexample, it is assumed that the transmission device has 6 beams. In asequential polling manner, the transmission device uses a beam 1 for thefirst transmission, a beam 2 for the second transmission, and so on, anda beam 6 for the sixth transmission. Alternatively, the transmission isperformed on beams with even indexes, that is, on the beam 2, the beam4, and the beam 6. Alternatively, the transmission is performed on onthe beams with even indexes in a sequential polling manner, that is, thefirst transmission is performed on the beam 2, the second transmissionis performed on the beam 4, and the third transmission is performed onthe beam 6. Alternatively, the transmission is performed on a beamindicated through physical layer DCI signaling or higher-layer RRCsignaling. For example, the beam ID, the beam index, or the offsets ofthe transmission beam with respect to the multiple beams are indicatedin the DCI signaling. Alternatively, bit information is used forindication, for example, 000100 indicates transmission on the beam 4,001000 indicates transmission on the beam 3, and 0 12 0 0 0 0 indicatesthat transmission of the transmission device 12 is on the beam 2. Thenumber of bits is the number of the beams. Alternatively, a valueindicated by the bit information is used to indicate the beam on whichthe transmission is performed. For example, 001 indicates transmissionon the beam 1, 010 indicates transmission on the beam, and so on.Alternatively, the beam used for transmission is obtained by the beamindex modulo the offset. For example, there are 6 beams, their beamindexes are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the offset is 2, the higher-layersignaling or physical layer DCI signaling indicates that an index M is0, so the transmission device performs transmission on beams where thebeam index modulo the offset is 0, that is, transmission is performed onthe beam 1, the beam 3 and the beam 5.

The beam randomization method is implemented in a random manner. Forexample, a beam used for transmission is randomly selected from multiplebeams. For example, for p beams, a positive integer or the specifiednumber of positive integers within [0, p−1] or [0, p−1] are generatedaccording to a uniform distribution function, a binomial distributionfunction, or a normal distribution function. p is the number of beams.

Alternatively, a combination of the fixed rule and the random method isused. For example, a beam used for transmission is selected in a randommanner from beams whose beam indexes are even. In the example there aresix beams, the even-index beams are the beam 2, the beam 4, and the beam6. In combination with the random selection method, one or more beamsfor transmission are randomly selected from the beam 2, the beam 4, andthe beam 6.

The manner of using a fixed rule and/or the beam random selection mannerare also applicable to the frequency hopping method. That is, the numberof beams is replaced by the number of frequency domains, or the beaminformation is replaced by the frequency domain information.

Manner 2: The interference problem is avoided by semi-staticallyconfiguring beams or adjusting beams. That is, the configured beams orthe beams in the beam set are measured within a certain period. Whetherto perform a directional beam switching is determined based on themeasurement information. A criterion for determining whether to performthe directional beam switching includes: performing the directional beamswitching when a measured load, a measured interference value, or ameasured information transmission error probability on the currenttransmission beam in the certain period is greater than a predeterminedthreshold value; or not performing the directional beam switching whenthe measured load, the measured interference value, or the measuredinformation transmission error probability on the current transmissionbeam in the certain period is not greater than the predeterminedthreshold value. Cat4 LBT with a small contention window, or Cat2 LBT,or a simpler LBT mechanism is performed on a beam having a larger load,interference value, or information transmission error probability. Thechannel occupation duration of the beam having a smaller load,interference value, or information transmission error probability isadjusted. For example, the channel occupation duration is increased.

The basic operation principle is as follows.

Step 1: A beam set or candidate beams are configured.

The beam set or the candidate beams may be configured through physicallayer DCI signaling, predefinition, or higher-layer RRC signaling, orobtained through any combination thereof.

Step 2: At least one beam in the configured beam set is activated. Theconfigured beam may be activated through the physical layer DCIsignaling, a media access control control element (MACCE),predefinition, or higher-layer RRC signaling.

At least one of the step 1 and the step 2 described above may becombined or omitted; or replaced with a beam set configuration by thedevice.

Step 3: The interference condition or load condition of at least onebeam in the beam set is measured, and the beam to be used is adjustedbased on the measurement result. That is, whether the beam is availableis not determined LBT, while measurement is used to determine whetherthe channel is available or whether collision or conflict exists betweennodes or resources.

If the energy in the beam is measured to be greater than the thresholdvalue during the measurement period, the load in the beam is consideredto be relatively large. Conversely, if the energy in the beam ismeasured to be less than the threshold value during the measurementperiod, the load or the conflict probability is considered to be small,so transmission may be switched to this beam. Optionally, LBT may beperformed or may not be performed on the selected beam. The measurementmay be performed by the base station, or may be performed by the UE andthen reported to the base station, or may be measured by the UE. Thesubject determining to perform beam switching may be the base stationand/or the UE.

Optionally, the channel occupation duration on the beam may also beadjusted based on the measurement result of the beam. For example, theLBT may be performed in the occupation duration but the LBT detectionresult is not used as the basis for determining whether the channel isavailable, or the LBT is not performed in the occupation duration. TheLBT detection result may be used as a basis for multiplexing betweennodes in the beam, or used for reducing the probability of collisionbetween nodes in the system or between nodes under the operator.

The measurement reference quantity used for measurement may be anreceived signal strength indication (RSSI), radio resource management(RRM), a reference signal receive power (RSRP), or feedback information.

The measurement on the beam may be a periodic measurement, or anaperiodic measurement, or a mixing of periodic measurement and aperiodicmeasurement. The period of the periodic measurement, and/or the triggerof the aperiodic measurement, and/or the number of measurements, and/orthe interval between measurements may be configured through higher-layerRRC signaling, or notified through physical layer DCI signaling, orpredefined, or obtained through any combination thereof.

Manner 3: The dynamic LBT manner is used.

The manner 3 refers to that LBT may be performed or may not be performedbefore transmission on the beam.

In a case where the LBT is not performed, according to the measured loadcondition of the beam, a direct method is used, that is, the LBT is notperformed for transmission or reception on a beam having lower load.Since the beam has a smaller load, the probability of conflict orcollision is reduced to some extent. Alternatively, LBT is performed ona beam having a larger load to reduce conflict or collision betweennodes or resources.

Alternatively, for candidate beams, LBT is performed on a beam randomlyselected from the candidate beams, and/or LBT is not performed on otherbeams, or LBT is performed on the selected beam having larger load orlower load, and/or LBT is not performed.

Manner 4: A beam pattern manner or a frequency hopping manner is used.

For the manner 4, different beam patterns are defined for differentnodes or different systems or the frequency hopping manner is used toavoid interference between nodes or resource collision.

For the beam pattern manner, the transmit beam patterns and/or thereceive beam patterns or the pattern set are predefined. The pattern ofthe transmit beam and/or receive beam may be a fixed beam/beam patternconfigured in advance for transmission or reception, or may be arandomly selected beam or beam pattern for transmission or reception.For example, the beam IDs configured for the UE1 are #1, #2, #3, #4, #5,and #6. The beam pattern is a pattern in which the beam IDs are in anincreasing order or in a decreasing order, or a pattern in which thebeam IDs are in a predefined order, or a pattern in which the beam IDsare in an order pre-agreed by the base station and the UE, or asequence. In another manner, the device randomly selects a beam from 6configured beams for transmission and/or reception.

Similarly, for the frequency hopping manner, the conflict or collisionmay be avoided or reduced in a manner of fixed frequency hopping or in amanner of random frequency hopping. In the manner of fixed frequencyhopping, the position or rule of frequency hopping may be predefined. Inthis manner, interference between nodes may be fixed. In the manner ofrandom frequency hopping, hopping is performed according to a randomsequence, which reduces the conflict probability to some extent or to alarge extent. For example, there are 8 frequency domain resources, andeach transmission of the transmission device occupies one frequencydomain resource. The transmission device performs transmission on thesefrequency domain resources in an increasing order of frequency domainresource index. Alternatively, the transmission device performstransmission on these frequency domain resources in a decreasing orderof frequency domain resource index. Alternatively, the transmission isperformed according to the offset, and/or the number of resources of acontinuous transmission, and/or the transmission is performed atpositions corresponding to frequency domain resource intervals. Forexample, the offset is 3, the continuous transmission length is 2, andthe transmission device may perform transmission on the frequency domainresource whose index is 2 and the frequency domain resource whose indexis 3 (the frequency domain resource index starts from 0). Alternatively,on the 8 available frequency domain resources, the transmission isperformed on a frequency domain resource position generated according toa random function. Alternatively, the transmission is performed on thestarting position of the frequency domain resources for transmission.For example, a generated random number is 2, and the transmission deviceperforms transmission on the frequency domain resource whose index is 1(the frequency domain resource index starts from 0). Alternatively, thetransmission starts at the frequency domain resource whose index is 1and is continued at the frequency domain resources with larger indexes.For example, the number of continuous resources in the frequency domainis 3, that is, transmission is performed on the frequency domainresources having indexes 1, 2 and 3. Alternatively, the interval on thefrequency domain is 2, that is, transmission is performed on thefrequency domain resources having indexes 1, 4 and 7, or transmission isperformed on the frequency domain resources having indexes 1, 3, 5 and7.

For example, the UEs under the homogeneous system, or the same operator,or the same TRP use the same beam pattern. Different systems, ordifferent TRPs, or different operators, or different UEs use differentbeam patterns. The beam pattern may be predefined, or pre-agreed betweenthe base station and the UE, or negotiated between base stations (orTRPs), or negotiated between UEs, or notified by the base stationthrough the physical layer DCI signaling, or notified through thehigher-layer RRC signaling, or obtained through any combination thereof.

For another example, the probability of collision or conflict betweennodes is reduced in the frequency domain hopping manner.

From the description of the implementation modes described above, itwill be apparent to those skilled in the art that the method of anyimplementation mode described above may be implemented by means ofsoftware plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or may ofcourse be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, thesolutions provided by the embodiments of present disclosuresubstantially, or the part contributing to the existing art, may beembodied in the form of a software product. The computer softwareproduct is stored in a storage medium (such as a read-only memory(ROM)/random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk)and includes several instructions for enabling a terminal device (whichmay be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, a network device, or thelike) to execute the methods according to each implementation mode ofthe present disclosure.

Implementation Mode 2

A data transmission apparatus is further provided in the implementationmode. The apparatus is configured to implement the above-mentionedembodiments and implementation modes. What has been described will notbe repeated. As used below, a term “module” may be software, hardware ora combination thereof capable of implementing predetermined functions.The apparatus described below in the embodiment may be implemented bysoftware, but implementation by hardware or by a combination of softwareand hardware is also possible and conceived.

FIG. 19 is a structural block diagram of a data transmission apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.19, the apparatus includes a first acquiring module 192, a firstdetermining module 194, and a first processing module 196. The datatransmission apparatus is described below.

The first acquiring module 192 is configured to obtain predefinedinformation. The first determining module 194 is connected to the firstacquiring module 192 and is configured to determine, according to thepredefined information, whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT)mechanism before transmission. The first processing module 196 isconnected to the first determining module 194 and is configured toperform the LBT mechanism before a transmission device performstransmission according to a predetermined transmission mode when LBTindication information is carried in the predefined information, orperform a predetermined non-LBT processing operation before thetransmission device performs the transmission according to thepredetermined transmission mode when the LBT indication information isnot carried in the predefined information.

FIG. 20 is a structural block diagram of a data transmission apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.19, the apparatus includes a second acquiring module 202 and a secondprocessing module 204. The data transmission apparatus is describedbelow.

The second acquiring module 202 is configured to obtain predefinedinformation. The second processing module 204 is connected to the secondacquiring module 202 and is configured to perform, according to thepredefined information, information reception processing according to anomnidirectional mode or a directional mode.

FIG. 21 is a structural block diagram of a base station according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, a basestation 210 apparatus includes the above-mentioned data transmissionapparatus 190 and/or data reception apparatus 200.

FIG. 22 is a structural block diagram of a terminal according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22, a terminal220 includes the above-mentioned data transmission apparatus 190 and/ordata reception apparatus 200.

The various modules described above may be implemented by software orhardware. Implementation by hardware may, but may not necessarily, beperformed in the following manner: the various modules described aboveare located in a same processor or located in different processors inany combination form.

A storage medium is further provided in the embodiments of the presentdisclosure. Optionally, in the embodiment, the storage medium may beconfigured to store program codes for executing the steps in the datatransmission method and/or data reception method described in the aboveembodiments.

The storage medium may be computer-readable storage medium, such astransient computer-readable storage medium or non-transientcomputer-readable storage medium.

Optionally, in the embodiment, the storage medium may include, but isnot limited to, a USB flash disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a randomaccess memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, an opticaldisk or another medium capable of storing program codes.

Optionally, in the embodiment, a processor executes the steps in theabove-mentioned data transmission method and/or data reception methodaccording to the program codes stored in the storage medium.

Optionally, for examples in the embodiment, reference may be made to theexamples described in the embodiments and optional implementation modesdescribed above, and the examples will not be repeated in theembodiment.

Apparently, it should be understood by those skilled in the art thateach of the above-mentioned modules or steps of the present disclosuremay be implemented by a general-purpose computing apparatus, the modulesor steps may be concentrated on a single computing apparatus ordistributed on a network composed of multiple computing apparatuses, andalternatively, the modules or steps may be implemented by program codesexecutable by the computing apparatus, so that the modules or steps maybe stored in a storage apparatus and executed by the computingapparatus. In some circumstances, the illustrated or described steps maybe executed in sequences different from those described herein, or themodules or steps may be made into various integrated circuit modulesseparately, or multiple modules or steps therein may be made into asingle integrated circuit module for implementation. In this way, thepresent disclosure is not limited to any specific combination ofhardware and software.

The above are only embodiments of the present disclosure and are notintended to limit the present disclosure, and for those skilled in theart, the present disclosure may have various modifications andvariations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvementsand the like within the scope of the present disclosure shall fallwithin the scope of the present disclosure.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The data transmission method and apparatus, the data reception methodand apparatus, the base station and the terminal provided in the presentapplication effectively solve the inefficient signal transmissionproblem in the beamforming system.

What is claimed is:
 1. A data transmission method, comprising: acquiringpredefined information; determining, according to the predefinedinformation, whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanismbefore transmission; upon the predefined information carrying LBTindication information, performing the LBT mechanism before atransmission device performs transmission according to a directionalmode; or upon the predefined information not carrying the LBT indicationinformation, performing a predetermined non-LBT processing operationbefore the transmission device performs transmission according to thedirectional mode; wherein the directional mode comprises at least oneof: a directional transmit beam, or a directional receive beam; whereinfor one transmission device, a relationship between the directionaltransmit beam and the directional receive beam comprises: thedirectional transmit beam being the same as the directional receivebeam; or the directional transmit beam being different from thedirectional receive beam; or the directional transmit beam partiallyoverlapping the directional receive beam; wherein the relationshipbetween the directional transmit beam and the directional receive beamis determined in at least one of following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:performing a Cat2 LBT mechanism or a Cat2 LBT mechanism having a shorterdetection duration on a directional beam in a transmission period, achannel occupancy time, or a beam group; or performing the Cat2 LBTmechanism, a Cat4 LBT mechanism, a Cat4 LBT mechanism corresponding to apredetermined priority level, or a Cat3 LBT mechanism on a directionalbeam outside the transmission period, the channel occupancy time, or thebeam group; or performing the Cat4 LBT mechanism, the Cat4 LBT mechanismcorresponding to the predetermined priority level, or the Cat3 LBTmechanism on a directional beam in the transmission period, or thechannel occupancy time, or an initial beam group.
 3. The method of claim2, wherein the predetermined priority level or the LBT mechanism usedfor the directional beam is determined in one of following manners:pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);predefinition; indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling by the base station; or indication throughhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the predefined information comprises at least one of: atransmission mode, indication signaling, an information type, framestructure information, a beam identifier (ID), a beamforming weight, abeam type, a beam pattern, a threshold value, an LBT mechanismindication, a time domain resource, a corresponding relationship betweenthe time domain resource and a beam, a frequency domain resource, afrequency domain hopping manner, a channel reciprocity indication, data,a beam switching indication, or a transmission mode switchingindication; wherein the indication signaling comprises at least one of:physical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling, orhigher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling; or wherein theinformation type comprises at least one of: control information, data, areference signal, or a traffic type; or wherein the beam type comprises:a single-beam type and a multi-beam type; or wherein the predefinedinformation is determined in at least one of following manners: thepredefined information is predefined, the predefined information ispre-agreed by a base station and a user equipment (UE), the predefinedinformation is indicated through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling, or the predefined information is configuredthrough higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein in a case where the transmission deviceperforms the LBT mechanism on a plurality of directional beams, themethod comprises: performing Cat2 LBT simultaneously on the plurality ofdirectional beams; or performing Cat4 LBT on one or more maindirectional beam of the plurality of directional beams, and when the LBTprocess is about to be completed, starting performing Cat2 LBT on otherdirectional beams; or performing the Cat4 LBT on the plurality ofdirectional beams.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the maindirectional beam of the plurality of directional beams is determined inone of following manners: the main directional beam is determined by abase station, the main directional beam is determined by a userequipment (UE), the main directional beam is determined by the basestation and the UE, the main directional beam is predefined, the maindirectional beam is indicated through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling, or the main directional beam is indicatedthrough higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein in a case where the transmission deviceperforms transmission according to the directional mode, performing theLBT mechanism before performing the transmission according to thedirectional mode comprises: determining signal energy received by thetransmission device in the directional beam; in a case of the signalenergy received in the directional beam being not greater than apredetermined threshold value, determining that the at least one channelin the directional beam is idle; or in a case of the signal energyreceived in the directional beam being greater than the predeterminedthreshold value, determining that the at least one channel in thedirectional beam is busy.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determiningthe signal energy received by the transmission device in the directionalbeam comprises: signal energy received by the transmission device in abeam range being equal to a norm of a value, wherein the value ismultiplying a sum of signals received in the beam range by thetransmission device from surrounding devices by a beamforming weight ofthe transmission device; or the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the beam range being equal to a norm of anaccumulated sum of the signals received in the beam range by thetransmission device from all of the surrounding devices; or the signalenergy received by the transmission device in the beam range being equalto ∥V*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥ or ∥V*H₁*X₁+V*H₂*X₂+ . . .V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥, wherein V denotes the beamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . ., H_(n) denote channel matrices between the transmission device and thesurrounding devices respectively, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote transmitsignal vectors the surrounding devices of the transmission devicerespectively, * denotes a product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes a norm operator,n is a number of the surrounding devices of the transmission device,H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signal sent by the i-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes a signalsent by the i-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in the beam range; or the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the beam range being equal to an accumulated sumof signal energies received by the transmission device in the beam rangefrom all of the surrounding devices; or the signal energy received bythe transmission device in the beam range being equal to∥V*H₁*X₁∥+∥V*H₂*X₂∥+ . . . +∥V*H_(n)*X_(n)∥, wherein V denotes thebeamforming weight, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) denote the channel matricesbetween the transmission device and the surrounding devicesrespectively, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote transmit signal vectors ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, * denotes theproduct operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number of thesurrounding devices of the transmission device, H_(i)*X_(i) denotes thesignal sent by the i-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, and V*H_(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by thei-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device in thebeam range.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein in a case where thetransmission device performs transmission by using a plurality ofdirectional beams, the method comprises: determining, according to a sumof signal energies received in the plurality of directional beams,busy/idle states of at least one channel on the plurality of directionalbeams or busy/idle states of at least one channel in a beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams, wherein in a case wherethe plurality of directional beams belong to a same antenna element orantenna port, wherein a method for calculating the signal energyreceived in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beamscomprises: the signal energy received in the beam region formed by theplurality of directional beams being equal to an accumulated sum ofsignal energy received by the transmission device in a first beam,signal energy received by the transmission device in a second beam, . .. and signal energy received by the transmission device in an m-th beam;or the signal energy received in the beam region formed by the pluralityof directional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥+ . . .∥V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥, wherein V¹, V², . . . , V^(m)denote beamforming weights of the m beams, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(n) denotethe channel matrices between the transmission device and the surroundingdevices respectively, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote the transmit signalvectors of the surrounding device of the transmission device, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofthe directional beams for transmission of the transmission device, H₁*X₁denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j) denotes a signal sent by the j-thsurrounding device and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signalssent by the surrounding devices and received in the i-th beam; or thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to a norm of the accumulated sum of thesignal energy received by the transmission device in the first beam, thesignal energy received by the transmission device in the second beam, .. . and the signal energy received by the transmission device in them-th beam; or the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams being equal to∥V¹*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))+V²*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . .+H_(n)*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)*X_(n))∥ whereinV¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of the m beams, H₁, H₂,. . . , H_(n) denote the channel matrices between the transmissiondevice and the surrounding devices, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote thetransmit signal vectors of the surrounding devices of the transmissiondevice, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nis the number of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, mis the number of directional beams for transmission of the transmissiondevice, H_(j)*X_(j) denotes the signal sent by the j-th surroundingdevice and received by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j)*X_(j)denotes the signal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received bythe transmission device in the i-th beam range, and V^(i)*(H₁*X₁+H₂*X₂+. . . +H_(n)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the surrounding devices andreceived in the i-th beam, or wherein in a case where the plurality ofdirectional beams belong to different antenna elements or antenna ports,a method for calculating the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams comprises: the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to an accumulated sum of signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a first beam, signal energyreceived by the transmission device in a second beam, . . . and signalenergy received by the transmission device in an m-th beam; or thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)¹*X_(n))∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n))∥+ . . . ∥V^(m)*(H₁^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n))∥, wherein V¹, V², . . . ,V^(m) denote beamforming weights of the m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . ., H_(n) ^(i) denote the channel matrices between the transmission deviceand the n surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n)denote the transmit signal vectors of the surrounding devices of thetransmission device, H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes the signal sent by thej-th surrounding device and received by the transmission device,V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X_(j) denotes the signal sent by the j-th surroundingdevice and received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range,V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i) X_(n)) denotes signalssent by the n surrounding devices and received by the transmissiondevice in the i-th beam range, ∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂ ^(i)*X₂+ . . .+H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n))∥ denotes signal energy received by the transmissiondevice in the i-th beam range from the n surrounding devices, * denotesthe product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is the number ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is the number ofthe beams, or the signal energy received in the beam region formed bythe plurality of directional beams being equal to a norm of theaccumulated sum of the signal energy received by the transmission devicein the first beam, the signal energy received by the transmission devicein the second beam, . . . and the signal energy received by thetransmission device in the m-th beam; or the signal energy received inthe beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams being equalto ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁+H₂ ¹*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ¹*X_(n))+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁+H₂ ²*X₂+ . .. +H_(n) ²*X_(n))+ . . . +V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁+H₂ ^(m)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n)^(m)*X_(n))∥, wherein V¹, V², . . . , V_(m) denote beamforming weightsof the m beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) denote the channelmatrices between the transmission device and the n surrounding deviceson the i-th beam, X₁, X₂, . . . , X_(n) denote the transmit signalvectors of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, H_(j)^(i)*X_(i) denotes the signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device, V^(i)*H_(j) ^(i)*X₁ denotes thesignal sent by the j-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁+H₂^(i)*X₂+ . . . +H_(n) ^(i)*X_(n)) denotes signals sent by the nsurrounding devices and received by the transmission device in the i-thbeam range, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the normoperator, n is the number of the surrounding devices of the transmissiondevice, m is the number of the beams; the signal energy received in thebeam region formed by the plurality of directional beams being equal toan accumulated sum of signal energies sent by n1 surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the first beam, signal energiessent by n2 surrounding devices and received by the transmission devicein the second beam, . . . and signal energies sent by nn surroundingdevices and received by the transmission device in the m-th beam; or thesignal energy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1)¹*X_(n1) ¹∥+∥V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n2) ²*X_(n2) ²)∥+ . . .∥V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn)^(m))∥, wherein V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of them beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) denote the channelmatrices between the transmission device and the nj surrounding deviceson the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote thetransmit signal vectors of the nj surrounding devices of thetransmission device on the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotes asignal sent by a nj-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denote a signal sentby the nj-th surrounding device and received by the transmission devicein the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . .+H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surroundingdevices and received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range,∥V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(j)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ . . . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj)^(i))∥ denotes the signal energies sent by the nj surrounding devicesand received by the transmission device in the i-th beam range, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, nj is thenumber of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is thenumber of the beams; or the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to a norm of anaccumulated sum of signals sent by the n1 surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the first beam, signals sent bythe n2 surrounding devices and received by the transmission device inthe second beam, . . . and signals sent by the nn surrounding devicesand received by the transmission device in the m-th beam; or the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n1)¹*X_(n1) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n1) ²*X_(n1) ²)+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(nn) ^(m)*X_(nn)^(m))∥, wherein V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of them beams, H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(nj) ^(i) denote the channelmatrices between the transmission device and the nj surrounding deviceson the i-th beam, X₁ ^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(nj) ^(i) denote thetransmit signal vectors of the nj surrounding devices of thetransmission device on the i-th beam, H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i) denotesthe signal sent by the nj-th surrounding device and received by thetransmission device, V^(i)*H_(nj) ^(i)* X_(nj) ^(i) denotes the signalsent by the nj-th surrounding device and received by the transmissiondevice in the i-th beam range, V^(i)*(H₁ ^(i)*X₁ ^(i)+H₂ ^(i)*X₂ ^(i)+ .. . +H_(nj) ^(i)*X_(nj) ^(i)) denotes signals sent by the nj surroundingdevices and received by the transmission device in the i-th beamrange, * denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, njis the number of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, mis the number of the beams; or the signal energy received in the beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams being equal to as anorm of an accumulated sum of signals sent by the n surrounding devicesand received by the transmission device in the first beam, signals sentby the n surrounding devices and received by the transmission device inthe second beam, . . . and signals sent by the n surrounding devices andreceived by the transmission device in the m-th beam; or the signalenergy received in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams being equal to ∥V¹*(H₁ ¹*X₁ ¹+H₂ ¹*X₂ ¹+ . . . +H_(n)¹*X_(n) ¹)+V²*(H₁ ²*X₁ ²+H₂ ²*X₂ ²+ . . . +H_(n) ²*X_(n) ²)+ . . .+V^(m)*(H₁ ^(m)*X₁ ^(m)+H₂ ^(m)*X₂ ^(m)+ . . . +H_(n) ^(m)*X_(n) ^(m))∥,wherein V¹, V², . . . , V^(m) denote beamforming weights of the m beams,H₁ ^(i), H₂ ^(i), . . . , H_(n) ^(i) denote the channel matrices betweenthe transmission device and the surrounding devices on the i-th beam, X₁^(i), X₂ ^(i), . . . , X_(n) ^(i) denote the transmit signal vectors ofthe surrounding devices of the transmission device on the i-th beam, *denotes the product operator, ∥ ∥ denotes the norm operator, n is thenumber of the surrounding devices of the transmission device, m is thenumber of the beams, i is a positive integer within [1, m], H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) denotes a signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device on the i-th beam, and V^(i)*H_(j)^(i)*X_(j) ^(i) is the signal sent by the j-th surrounding device andreceived by the transmission device in the i-th beam range.
 10. Themethod of claim 7, wherein in a case where the at least one channel inthe plurality of directional beams is detected to be busy, the methodcomprises: performing, by the transmission device, an LBT detection onfiner directional beams than the directional beam on which the LBTfails; or performing, by the transmission device, the LBT detection onanother one of the plurality of directional beams other than thedirectional beam on which the LBT fails.
 11. The method of claim 1,wherein in a case where the transmission device performs transmission bythe directional mode with a plurality of directional beams, the methodcomprises: determining, according to signal energy received in a beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states ofat least one channel on the plurality of directional beams; ordetermining, according to the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of atleast one channel in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams; or determining, according to signal energy receivedin each of the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of theat least one channel on the plurality of directional beams; ordetermining, according to the signal energy received in each of theplurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of the at least onechannel in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams.12. The method of claim 11, wherein determining, according to the signalenergy received in each of the plurality of directional beams, thebusy/idle states of the at least one channel on the plurality ofdirectional beams, or determining, according to the signal energyreceived in each of plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states ofthe at least one channel in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams comprises: if the LBT is successfully performed on atleast one of the plurality of directional beams, determining that theplurality of directional beams are available or that the at least onechannel is idle, and performing transmission only on the directionalbeam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if the LBT issuccessfully performed on all of the plurality of directional beams,determining that the plurality of directional beams are available orthat the at least one channel is idle; or if the LBT fails on at leastone of the plurality of directional beams, determining that theplurality of directional beams are not available or that the at leastone channel is busy; or if a number of directional beams, among theplurality of directional beams, on which the LBT is successfullyperformed reaches a predetermined threshold value, determining that theplurality of directional beams are available or that the at least onechannel is idle, and performing transmission only on the directionalbeam on which the LBT is successfully performed; or if a number ofdirectional beams, among the plurality of directional beams, on whichthe LBT fails reaches a predetermined threshold value, determining thatthe plurality of directional beams are not available or that the atleast one channel is busy.
 13. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising: when signal energy received in a beam coverage range formedby the plurality of directional beams or in each of the plurality ofdirectional beams is not greater than a predetermined threshold value,determining that at least one channel in a beam formed by the pluralityof directional beams or in each of the plurality of directional beams isidle or that at least one channel in the plurality of directional beamsis idle; or when the signal energy received in the beam coverage rangeformed by the plurality of directional beams or in each of the pluralityof directional beams is greater than the predetermined threshold value,determining that the at least one channel in the beam formed by theplurality of directional beams or in each of the plurality ofdirectional beams is busy or that the at least one channel in theplurality of directional beams is busy.
 14. A data receiving method,comprising: acquiring predefined information; and performing, based onthe predefined information, information reception processing according adirectional mode; wherein the directional mode comprises at least oneof: a directional transmit beam; or a directional receive beam; whereinfor one reception device, a relationship between the directionaltransmit beam and the directional receive beam comprises: thedirectional transmit beam being the same as the directional receivebeam; or the directional transmit beam being different from thedirectional receive beam; or the directional transmit beam partiallyoverlapping the directional receive beam; wherein the relationshipbetween the directional transmit beam and the directional receive beamis determined in at least one of following manners: predefinition;pre-agreement between a base station and a user equipment (UE);indication through physical layer downlink control information (DCI)signaling; or configuration through higher-layer radio resource control(RRC) signaling; wherein whether a reception device performs alisten-before-talk (LBT) mechanism before receiving informationaccording to the directional mode is determined in one of followingmanners: predefinition; pre-agreement between a sending device and areception device; indication through physical layer downlink controlinformation (DCI) signaling; or indication through higher-layer radioresource control (RRC) signaling.
 15. The method of claim 14, whereinbefore the reception device performs the information receptionprocessing, the method comprises: performing the LBT mechanism, orinterference measurement; and performing predetermined processing basedon an LBT result or an interference measurement result, whereinperforming the predetermined processing based on the LBT result or theinterference measurement result comprises: in a case where the LBT failsor succeeds, reporting the LBT result to a transmission device on asending side; or in the case where the LBT fails or succeeds, sending anindication signal to the transmission device on the sending side; or ina case where the interference measurement result meets a predeterminedthreshold, reporting the interference measurement result to thetransmission device; or in the case where the interference measurementresult meets the predetermined threshold, sending an indication signalto the transmission device, or wherein performing the predeterminedprocessing based on the LBT result or the interference measurementresult comprises: in a case where the LBT fails, performing, by thereception device, a reception mode switching operation; or in a casewhere the interference measurement result meets a predeterminedthreshold, performing, by the reception device, the reception modeswitching operation; or in a case where the LBT fails and a transmissionmode switching indication is enabled, performing, by the receptiondevice, the reception mode switching operation; or in a case where theinterference measurement result meets the predetermined threshold andthe transmission mode switching indication is enabled, performing, bythe reception device, the reception mode switching operation.
 16. A datareception apparatus, comprising: a processor and a memory, wherein theprocessor is configured to execute instructions in the memory, and theinstructions comprises instructions for executing the data receivingmethod of claim
 14. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein in a case wherea reception device performs signal reception processing by thedirectional mode with a plurality of directional beams, the methodcomprises: determining, according to signal energy received in a beamregion formed by the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states ofat least one channel on the plurality of directional beams; ordetermining, according to the signal energy received in the beam regionformed by the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of atleast one channel in the beam region formed by the plurality ofdirectional beams; or determining, according to signal energy receivedin each of the plurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of theat least one channel on the plurality of directional beams; ordetermining, according to the signal energy received in each of theplurality of directional beams, busy/idle states of the at least onechannel in the beam region formed by the plurality of directional beams.18. A data transmission apparatus, comprising: a processor and a memory,wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions in thememory, wherein the instructions comprise: instructions for obtainingpredefined information; instructions for determining, according to thepredefined information, whether to perform a listen-before-talk (LBT)mechanism before transmission; and instructions for: upon LBT indicationinformation being carried in the predefined information, performing theLBT mechanism before a transmission device performs transmissionaccording to a directional mode; or upon the LBT indication informationbeing not carried in the predefined information, performing apredetermined non-LBT processing operation before the transmissiondevice performs the transmission according to the directional mode;wherein the directional mode comprises at least one of: a directionaltransmit beam, or a directional receive beam; wherein for onetransmission device, a relationship between the directional transmitbeam and the directional receive beam comprises: the directionaltransmit beam being the same as the directional receive beam; or thedirectional transmit beam being different from the directional receivebeam; or the directional transmit beam partially overlapping thedirectional receive beam; wherein the relationship between thedirectional transmit beam and the directional receive beam is determinedin at least one of following manners: predefinition; pre-agreementbetween a base station and a user equipment (UE); indication throughphysical layer downlink control information (DCI) signaling; orconfiguration through higher-layer radio resource control (RRC)signaling.